00623nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245009900055210006900154260001400223300001000237490000700247100003400254700001600288700002300304700001900327700001900346700002300365856004100388       2018                        eng d  a1064-546200aALife and Society: Editorial Introduction to the Artificial Life Conference 2016 Special Issue0 aALife and Society Editorial Introduction to the Artificial Life   bMIT Press  a1–40 v241 aSiqueiros-García, Jesús, M.1 aFroese, Tom1 aGershenson, Carlos1 aAguilar, Wendy1 aSayama, Hiroki1 aIzquierdo, Eduardo  uhttps://doi.org/10.1162/ARTL_e_0025601866nas a2200157   4500008004100000245014000041210006900181260003400250300001200284490000600296520128800302100001601590700002301606700002601629856005301655       2014                        eng d00aCan Government Be Self-Organized? A Mathematical Model of the Collective Social Organization of Ancient {Teotihuacan}, Central {Mexico}0 aCan Government Be SelfOrganized A Mathematical Model of the Coll  bPublic Library of Sciencec10  ae1099660 v93 a<p>Teotihuacan was the first urban civilization of Mesoamerica and one of the largest of the ancient world. Following a tradition in archaeology to equate social complexity with centralized hierarchy, it is widely believed that the city's origin and growth was controlled by a lineage of powerful individuals. However, much data is indicative of a government of co-rulers, and artistic traditions expressed an egalitarian ideology. Yet this alternative keeps being marginalized because the problems of collective action make it difficult to conceive how such a coalition could have functioned in principle. We therefore devised a mathematical model of the city's hypothetical network of representatives as a formal proof of concept that widespread cooperation was realizable in a fully distributed manner. In the model, decisions become self-organized into globally optimal configurations even though local representatives behave and modify their relations in a rational and selfish manner. This self-optimization crucially depends on occasional communal interruptions of normal activity, and it is impeded when sections of the network are too independent. We relate these insights to theories about community-wide rituals at Teotihuacan and the city's eventual disintegration.</p>
1 aFroese, Tom1 aGershenson, Carlos1 aManzanilla, Linda, R.  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.010996601372nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245005300055210004700108490000600155520086900161100001901030700003401049700001601083700002301099856009201122       2014                        eng d  a2296-914400aThe Past, Present, and Future of Artificial Life0 aPast Present and Future of Artificial Life0 v13 a<p>For millennia people have wondered what makes the living different from the non-living. Beginning in the mid-1980s, artificial life has studied living systems using a synthetic approach: build life in order to understand it better, be it by means of software, hardware, or wetware. This review provides a summary of the advances that led to the development of artificial life, its current research topics, and open problems and opportunities. We classify artificial life research into fourteen themes: origins of life, autonomy, self-organization, adaptation (including evolution, development, and learning), ecology, artificial societies, behavior, computational biology, artificial chemistries, information, living technology, art, and philosophy. Being interdisciplinary, artificial life seems to be losing its boundaries and merging with other fields.</p>
1 aAguilar, Wendy1 aBonfil, Guillermo, Santamarí1 aFroese, Tom1 aGershenson, Carlos  uhttp://www.frontiersin.org/computational_intelligence/10.3389/frobt.2014.00008/abstract