@inbook {Gershenson2013Facing-Complexi, title = {Facing Complexity: Prediction vs. Adaptation}, booktitle = {Complexity Perspectives on Language, Communication and Society}, year = {2013}, pages = {3-14}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, address = {Berlin Heidelberg}, abstract = {One of the presuppositions of science since the times of Galileo, Newton, Laplace, and Descartes has been the predictability of the world. This idea has strongly influenced scientific and technological models. However, in recent decades, chaos and complexity have shown that not every phenomenon is predictable, even if it is deterministic. If a problem space is predictable, in theory we can find a solution via optimization. Nevertheless, if a problem space is not predictable, or it changes too fast, very probably optimization will offer obsolete solutions. This occurs often when the immediate solution affects the problem itself. An alternative is found in adaptation. An adaptive system will be able to find by itself new solutions for unforeseen situations.}, isbn = {978-3-642-32816-9}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-32817-6}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.3843}, author = {Carlos Gershenson}, editor = {Massip, A. and A. Bastardas} } @inbook {Gershenson:2011, title = {Enfrentando a la Complejidad: Predecir vs. Adaptar}, booktitle = {Complejidad y Lenguaje}, year = {2011}, note = {In Press}, abstract = {Una de las presuposiciones de la ciencia desde los tiempos de Galileo, Newton y Laplace ha sido la previsibilidad del mundo. Esta idea ha influido en los modelos cient{\'{\i}ficos y tecnol{\'o}gicos. Sin embargo, en las {\'u}ltimas d{\'e}cadas, el caos y la complejidad han mostrado que no todos los fen{\'o}menos son previsibles, a{\'u}n siendo {\'e}stos deterministas. Si el espacio de un problema es previsible, podemos en teor{\'{\i}a encontrar una soluci{\'o}n por optimizaci{\'o}n. No obstante, si el espacio de un problema no es previsible, o cambia m{\'a}s r{\'a}pido de lo que podemos optimizarlo, la optimizaci{\'o}n probablemente nos dar{\'a} una soluci{\'o}n obsoleta. Esto sucede con frecuencia cuando la soluci{\'o}n inmediata afecta el espacio del problema mismo. Una alternativa se encuentra en la adaptaci{\'o}n. Si dotamos a un sistema de {\'e}sta propiedad, {\'e}ste mismo podr{\'a} encontrar nuevas soluciones para situaciones no previstas.}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0905.4908}, author = {Carlos Gershenson}, editor = {Martorell, X. and Massip, A.} }