International Conference on Complex Networks, Conference Videos 
Excerpts:
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Excerpts: Imitation exerts enormous influence over society--and business and finance in particular. (...) More significantly, we can and do act upon such knowledge. The resulting fads and fashions, bubbles, and crashes are ever more frequent, severe, and complex. The information age has cast up more than its share of paradoxes, including this one: When information is plentiful, we often use it not to make better decisions but to imitate others--and their mistakes.(...)
When there's too much information, imitation becomes a convenient heuristic. This is the basis for a self-referential society.
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Excerpts: Although collective efforts are common in both animal and human societies, many human and probably animal social dilemmas have no obvious cooperative solution, which is a challenge for evolutionary biologists. In public goods games, i.e. the experimental paradigm for studying the sustainability of a public resource with human subjects, initial cooperation usually declines quickly.(...) Here we show experimentally that humans use different strategies in the public goods game conditional on whether the player knows that his decisions will be either known or unknown in another social game. (...) However, cooperation declines immediately when individual identities switch from being recognizable (...).
- Source: Strategic Investment In Reputation, D. Semmann - semmann
mpil-ploen.mpg.de, H.-J. Krambeck, M. Milinski, DOI: 10.1007/s00265-004-0782-9, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Jul. 2004, Online 2004/04/02 - Contributed by Pritha Das - prithadas01yahoo.com
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Excerpts: Impossible thinking. It is what put men on the moon, allowed Starbucks to turn a commodity product into a powerful global business and permitted Roger Bannister to run the four-minute mile. While not every "impossible thought" can become a reality, very often the greatest obstacle to transforming our organizations, society and personal lives is our own thinking. This may seem to be a simple idea in theory - (...)- but it has far-reaching implications for how we approach life and decision making.
D.I.Y. Meets N.R.L. (No Record Label), NY Times
Excerpts: In the last decade, Maria Schneider, (...) has made three albums on the Enja record label. Each sold about 20,000 copies - very good numbers for jazz. She didn't make a dime off any of them. (...)
Rather than go through labels, distributors and retailers, ArtistShare sells discs over the Web and turns over all the proceeds (minus a small fee) to the artist. (...)
If it sells one-quarter as many copies as any of her previous discs, she will do better than break even.
Editor's Note: One might wonder how much longer they will bother pressing little plastic disks to sell the music.
'Magic Ink' That Makes Metal Grow, BBC News Online
Excerpts:
Electronic circuitry is usually etched with copper
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An eco-friendly way of "growing" metal for circuitry or antennas has been developed by UK firm QinetiQ.
The metal printing technique replaces conventional copper etching by using a special ink which attracts metals.
It means antennas for tiny mobiles or radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, used for tracking goods, could be made cheaply and quickly. (...)
Because they connect by radio, they do not require the scanners, so familiar with the barcoding system, to read their unique identification codes.
The metal printing technique could transform how RFID tags are made.
Neuroscience: Change Of Mind, Nature
Excerpts: A brain haemorrhage turned an ex-convict into an obsessive artist. (...)
In cognitive tests (...), McHugh demonstrates a mix of abilities and deficiencies. (...) has difficulty switching trains of thought. When asked to list types of furniture, for example, he will rattle off chairs and tables like the rest of us. But when asked to switch to listing animals, he continues to talk about lamps and sofas. It's a trait that becomes apparent when talking to McHugh: sentences tumble out relentlessly unless he is interrupted.
Concepts - A Model For Madness?, Nature
Excerpts: During REM sleep, there is also selective activation of the amygdala and other parts of the limbic system. This is relevant for our understanding of the heightened emotion - especially the feelings of anxiety, anger and elation - that so commonly dictate the development of a dream plot. An exaggeration of emotional activation is also common in mental illness, when it may contribute to impairment of rationality. An idea that helps to unite these findings is that emotion is itself an internally generated percept that powerfully influences conscious experience.
Anesthetics Are Slowly Giving Up The Secrets Of How They Work, Science News
Excerpts:
The first successful demonstration of ether's use as a surgical anesthetic was conducted in 1846. William T.G. Morton, who administered the ether for the removal of a tumor from a patient's jaw, is to the immediate left of the patient.(© Bettmann/CORBIS)
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Combining amnesia, sedation, immobility, and insensitivity to pain, general anesthesia is an unnatural state: a physician-induced "central nervous system dysfunction," (...).
One of the central questions of anesthesia research has been whether all these drugs work in the same manner. Until the last few decades, investigators generally held that, despite chemical differences, the drugs share a mechanism of action.
One long-standing theory was based on the simple observation that the more soluble an anesthetic is in olive oil, the more effective it is.
Circadian Rhythms: As Time Glows By In Bacteria, Nature
Excerpts: Populations of cells can exhibit remarkably precise and stable circadian oscillations. But can single cells achieve such precision in the absence of intercellular communication? For cyanobacteria, it seems so.
Have you ever heard of a bacterium with jet lag? The idea might seem absurd; 20 years ago, experts in the field would have thought so too. Bacterial cells were believed to be just too 'simple' to have the biological clocks necessary to regulate daily (circadian) rhythms of gene expression, physiology and behaviour.
Neurobiology: Sleep On It, Nature
Excerpts: (...) suggests that sleep has a key role in neural plasticity - that is, in maintaining appropriate connections between neurons through respectively reinforcing and eliminating significant and accidental connections between synapses. Owing to its traditional association with dreaming, REM [ rapid eye movement, Ed.] sleep was first implicated in learning and neural plasticity, with findings - mainly from animal studies - showing a correlation between the amount of REM sleep and performance on a learned task. More recently, NREM [ non-rapid eye movement, Ed.] sleep, and specifically slow-wave activity, has also been shown to play a critical part in both developmental and learning-induced plasticity.
Local Sleep And Learning, Nature
Excerpts: During much of sleep, cortical neurons undergo slow oscillations in membrane potential, which appear in electroencephalograms as slow wave activity (SWA) of <4 Hz. (...). It has been suggested that SWA homeostasis may reflect synaptic changes underlying a cellular need for sleep. If this were so, inducing local synaptic changes should induce local SWA changes, and these should benefit neural function. Here we show that sleep homeostasis indeed has a local component, which can be triggered by a learning task involving specific brain regions.
- Source: Local Sleep And Learning, Reto Huber, M. Felice Ghilardi, Marcello Massimini, Giulio Tononi, DOI: 10.1038/nature02663, Nature 430, 78 - 81, 04/07/01
Fooling The Brain Into Thinking It Sees Both Hands Moving Enhances Bimanual Spatial Coupling, Exp. Brain Res.
Excerpts: This study examined the hypothesis that the mirror reflection of one hands movement directly influences motor output of the other (hidden) hand, during performance of bimanual drawing. A mirror was placed between the two hands during bimanual circle drawing, with one hand and its reflection visible and the other hand hidden. (...) Effects of the mirror reflection differed significantly from effects of vision to one hand alone, but did not differ from a control task performed in full vision. (...) We argue that visual mirror symmetry fools the brain into believing it sees both hands moving rather than one. (...)
That's Not My Hand! How The Brain Can Be Fooled Into Feeling A Fake Limb, Alphagalileo
Excerpts: Scientists have made the first recordings of the human brain's awareness of its own body, using the illusion of a strategically-placed rubber hand to trick the brain. Their findings shed light on disorders of self-perception such as schizophrenia, stroke (...) where sufferers may no longer recognize their own limbs or may experience pain from missing ones. (...) found that one area of the brain, the premotor cortex, integrates information from these different senses to recognize the body. However, because vision tends to dominate, if information from the senses is inconsistent, the brain "believes" the visual information over the proprioceptive. (...)
Natural Selection At Work In Genetic Variation To Taste, ScienceDaily
Excerpts: A genetic variation seen worldwide in which people either taste or do not taste a bitter, synthetic compound called PTC has been preserved by natural selection, (...). Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is not found in nature, but the ability to taste it correlates strongly with the ability to taste other bitter substances that occur naturally, especially toxins. Eons ago, the ability to discern bitter tastes developed as an evolutionary mechanism to protect early humans from eating poisonous plants. "We found evidence at the molecular level that natural selection has maintained the variation in the gene that allows us to taste or not taste PTC," (...).
Skull Fuels Homo Erectus Debate, BBC News Online
Excerpts:
The new fossil was found in Olorgesailie, Kenya
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The fossilised skull of a hominid that lived 930,000 years ago has been found in Kenya, (...).
The creature may have belonged to the species Homo erectus says the team which found it, even though its skull is smaller than previously seen.
But the fossil has fuelled a debate over how we group these ancient humans.
One camp claims H. erectus came in many shapes and sizes, while the other says it contains several species - which are incorrectly lumped together.
Getting To Know Homo Erectus, Science
Excerpts: The period from 1 million to 500,000 years ago (~1 to 0.5 Ma) is well represented in the human fossil records of Europe and Asia. (...). By contrast, Africa has been unusually uninformative about this part of human evolution. (...). The question thus remained: Where are the African fossils? (...)
"The entire sample of fossils from Africa, Asia, and Europe exhibits wide morphological variation that some researchers divide into multiple lineages and others place in a single, polytypic species."
Neocortex Size Predicts Deception Rate In Primates, Alphagalileo & Proc. B
Abstract: Monkeys and apes compete more by manipulation than brute force, and for mammals their brains are relatively large: are these traits related? We compare the rates of tactical deception reported across a range of primate species, and find that deception is well predicted by a species' neocortex volume, but not by the volume of the rest of the brain or species-typical group size. Tactical deception requires rapid learning in social contexts, although not necessarily any comprehension of mental states or causality. Our results support the "Machiavellian Intelligence" theory, that primate brain enlargement was originally an adaptive response to social complexity.
Evolutionary Genomics: Seeing Double, Nature
Excerpts: How do genomes evolve? Studies of numerous yeast species confirm the view that the duplication of genes, larger chromosomal segments and whole genomes are key mechanisms.
In a typical evolutionary tree, the yeast species stand on a branch apart from those of plants and animals. (...) Because of these similarities, researchers have been able to use the rapidly reproducing and experimentally manageable yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to decipher some of the basic properties of all eukaryotic cells. (...) opening up a. new research front that seeks to identify the mechanisms behind genome evolution.
Epigenetics: Genome, Meet Your Environment, The Scientist
Excerpts:
©Mehau Kulyk/Photo Researchers, Inc.
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(...) diet can dramatically alter heritable phenotypic change in agouti mice, not by changing DNA sequence but by changing the DNA methylation pattern of the mouse genome. "(...) this is where environment interfaces with genomics."
(...) This type of inheritance, the transmission of non-DNA sequence information through either meiosis or mitosis, is known as epigenetic inheritance. From the Greek prefix epi, which means "on" or "over", epigenetic information modulates gene expression without modifying actual DNA sequence. DNA methylation patterns are the longest-studied and best-understood epigenetic markers, (...).
Performance-Enhancing Drug for Sperm, Science Now
Excerpts: The leaves of an African plant chewed for its legendary power to boost male fertility (...).
The overall effect of PPAs, says Fraser, should be an increase in the proportion of sperm in semen that have the ability to make it to the egg and fertilize it. While Fraser advises against chewing khat leaves because of side effects, including gut problems brought on by the leaves' tannins, she notes that many PPAs are already approved for other medicinal uses, so a PPA fertility drug could be right around the corner.
More Data But No Answers on Powers of Adult Stem Cells, Science
Excerpts: Several years ago, a handful of researchers claimed that bone marrow cells transplanted into radiation-treated recipients were able to do more than just regenerate the blood system. Progeny from the cells seemed to appear in other tissues as well, including lung, liver, and skin, raising excitement that a multipotent stem cell might lurk in adult bone marrow. Such a cell, some hoped, might be used instead of stem cells from embryos to repair damaged tissues or help the body heal itself.
80 Years of Watching the Evolutionary Scenery, Science
Excerpts: Having reached the rare age of 100 years, I find myself in a unique position: I'm the last survivor of the golden age of the Evolutionary Synthesis. That status encourages me to present a personal account of what I experienced in the years (1920s to the 1950s) that were so crucial in the history of evolutionary biology.
Evolutionary biology in its first 90 years (1859 to the 1940s) consisted of two widely divergent fields: evolutionary change in populations and biodiversity, the domains of geneticists and naturalists (systematicists), respectively.
Close to Home, Ants Get Angry, Science Now
Excerpts: The Saharan desert ant (Cataglyphis fortis) takes no chances when it comes to homeland security. It viciously attacks ants from other colonies that get too close to its nest. Now researchers have found that the ant relies on the same internal navigation system it uses for foraging to decide whether an intruder has come too close for comfort.
Many animals fly into a defensive rage when they sense competitors edging in on their territory. But in the sandy Sahara, few environmental cues mark territorial boundaries.
Path Integration in Desert Ants Controls Aggressiveness, Science
Excerpts: Cataglyphis ants of the Sahara Desert are extremely aggressive toward members of other colonies if they are close to their nest entrance, but not once they have embarked on their wide foraging journeys. We show that the ants reach the same level of aggressiveness when they are far from their actual nesting site but their path integrator--their main navigational toolkit--tells them that they are close, indicating a role for the animal's path integrator beyond navigation.
Talking Through the Ground, Science Now
Excerpts: Biologists have known for decades that elephants talk to each other with infrasonic calls below the range of human hearing. Field biologists often see groups of wild elephants freeze in unison and spread their ears to scan for these infrasonic rumbles. (...) elephants occasionally freezing and lifting a foot without scanning with their ears. This behavior was often followed by the arrival of another group of elephants, and she suspected they might be shifting their weight onto three feet to get a better feel for something in the ground.
Duet Singing And Repertoire Use In Threat Signalling Of Individuals And Pairs, Alphagalileo & Biol. Lett.
Excerpts: In many birds, males match the song type of their neighbours, and this appears to be a sign of aggression. This study looked at canebrake wrens in Costa Rica, where the male and female have different song repertoires that they sing together in complex duets. We used song playback to test the responses of birds to simulated intruders on their territory. Although pairs defend the territory cooperatively, both males and females targeted their aggression only at members of the same sex, by matching their own song type to the playback, but not matching the whole duet (...).
High Complexity Food Webs In Low-Diversity Eastern Pacific Reef-Coral Communities, Ecosystems
Excerpts: Community-wide feeding interrelationships in a low-diversity coral reef off the Pacific coast of Panamá (Uva Island reef) demonstrate complex pathways involving herbivore, strong corallivore, and carnivore interactions. Four trophic levels with 31 interguild links are identified in a generalized food web, and documented feeding interrelationships with 287+ species links are portrayed in a coral-corallivore subweb. (...) Relatively recent declines in the abundances of manta rays, sharks, and spiny lobsters are correlated with, but not necessarily causally linked to, increasing fishing activities in the late 1970s to early 1980s. (...)
Habitat Complexity Reduces The Growth Of Aggressive And Dominant Brown Trout, Behav. Ecol. & Sociobiol.
Abstract: Animals often prefer areas containing physical structure, and population density often increases with structural complexity, presumably because physical complexity in habitats may offer protection from predators and aggressive competitors. Consequently, increased habitat complexity often results in reduced territory size, lower aggression levels and reduced resource monopolisation by dominants. If behavioural plasticity is limited at early life stages, increased habitat complexity may reduce the relative fitness of aggressive, dominant strategies. Here we tested this hypothesis in an experiment on newly emerged brown trout (Salmo trutta) fry. We show, (...) increased habitat complexity reduces the fitness (i.e. growth rate) of aggressive dominant individuals (...).
Urban Wind Power: Breezing Into Town, Nature
Excerpts: The world's highest urban wind farm could be a flagship project for renewable energy, if New York City planners get their way. Are city dwellers ready for wind power? (...)
If built as planned, the tower would be the world's most visible symbol of renewable energy, with as many as 30 spinning wind turbines in its upper storeys, providing a fifth of the building's power. "The Ground Zero turbines will be high-profile, and that might spur a lot more interest in wind,"(...).
Aviation Growth 'Risk To Planet', BBC News
Excerpts: The rise in demand for air travel is one of the most serious environmental threats facing the world, a study says.
(...) polluting gases from aircraft exhaust fumes are on the increase.
Airlines should pay an environmental charge equal to the damage, they say.(...)
It sets out a model for dealing with aviation over the next 30 years, recommending steps to be taken by the UK and other EU countries including an end to the tax-free status of aviation fuel.
Rice Yields May Suffer as Earth Warms, Science Now
Excerpts: (...) the only clear relationship between the yield of rice and the changing environment was a negative one. Yield dropped by about 10% for every 1oC rise in nighttime minimum temperature, but there was no correlation between yield and daytime maximum temperature, the researchers found. The current models used to predict climate impact on crop production will have to be revised, says Cassman, because they lump together daytime and nighttime temperatures into a single average temperature.
Infinite Beauty, Book Review, Nature
Excerpts: It was just over 20 years ago that the Mandelbrot set took the world by storm. Pictures of extraordinary complexity and beauty appeared in scientific and glossy magazines, on the walls of art galleries and classrooms, on posters and even on tablemats. With the increasing availability of personal computers, drawing the Mandelbrot set became a standard exercise for those learning programming, and it was frequently an addiction for computer buffs, who were able to explore its intricacy by forever homing in on parts of the structure.
- Source: Infinite Beauty, Book Review, Kenneth Falconer reviews Fractals and Chaos: The Mandelbrot Set and Beyond by Benoit B. Mandelbrot, DOI: 10.1038/430018b, Nature 430, 18 - 20, 04/07/01
China To Censor Text Messages, BBC News
Excerpts: China is expanding its censorship controls to cover text messages sent using mobile phones.
New regulations have been issued to allow mobile phone service providers to police and filter messages for pornographic or fraudulent content.
But analysts fear the real targets are political dissidents.
China's authorities are gradually tightening control over the spread of electronic information, particularly on the Internet.(...)
(...) one Chinese company marketing a system to monitor mobile phone text messages has announced it is watching for "false political rumors" and "reactionary remarks".
The Complexity of Agreement, arXiv
Excerpt: A celebrated 1976 theorem of Aumann asserts that honest, rational Bayesian agents with common priors will never "agree to disagree": if their opinions about any topic are common knowledge, then those opinions must be equal. Economists have written numerous papers examining the assumptions behind this theorem. But two key questions went unaddressed: first, can the agents reach agreement after a conversation of reasonable length? Second, can the computations needed for that conversation be performed efficiently? This paper answers both questions in the affirmative, thereby strengthening Aumann's original conclusion.
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Excerpts: It is not just difficult; it is not just slow to improve, compared with what our initial hopes or expectations might have been. It is simply not promising, because we see no convincing signs of having turned the corner toward defeat of the insurgency.
Strategic failure in Iraq may not be an option, as many are wont to say; but, alas, it is increasingly a possibility. And the principal reason is our inability, so far, to win the counterinsurgency.
Hussein, in Jail, Reportedly Said Little of Value, NY Times
Excerpts: In the nearly seven months that he was held captive by American forces, Saddam Hussein revealed little of what his interrogators most wanted to know, about his weapons programs and the insurgency in postwar Iraq, senior officials involved in his custody said in a series of recent interviews.
But Mr. Hussein would occasionally provide startling comments and observations, they said, as when he spoke about his reasons for invading Kuwait in 1990, and precipitated the first gulf war.
(...) to keep his army occupied.
Complex Challenges: Terrorist Networks
The Nation: Fear Factor; In an Age of Terror, Safety Is Relative, NY Times
Excerpts: This summer, residents of New York and Boston are seeing lots of extra patrols, bomb-sniffing dogs and police drills, in preparation for the political conventions.
But some of what's being done is primarily psychological: to make people feel more safe, regardless of whether they really are. And though the government must try any reasonable idea to counter terrorism, in the next round of security improvements to come there will be serious limits to practicality and affordability.
Cheney, Bush Tout Gains in Terror War, Washington Post
Excerpts: While warning that more violence was certain to come, officials were hopeful that this week's events would begin to reverse the growing concerns about the Iraq war among the American public.
(...)
The impression that the Iraq war has hindered the fight against terrorism has some military concurrence. An Army War College study argued in January that the Bush administration had mishandled the war on terrorism by invading Iraq, which the study called a "a war-of-choice distraction from the war of necessity against al Qaeda."
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-
The 4 th International Workshop on Meta-Synthesis and Complex Systems
(MCS'2004) , Beijing, 04/07/22-23
- 2004
Summer Simulation MultiConference (SummerSim'04), San Jose
Hyatt, San Jose, California, 04/07/25-29
- SME 2004 Symposium on Modeling
and Control of Economic Systems , University in Redlands, CA, 04/07/28-31
- 6th
International Mathematica Symposium (IMS 2004), Banff,
Canada, 04/08/02-06
- 4th
intl seminar on Collective Intelligence
, U of Ottawa, Canada, 04/08/08-10
-
Real-Life Complex Adaptive Systems: Modelling And Control, session in Intl Conf on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies: CCCT'04, Austin, Texas, 04/08/14-17
- Fractals and Natural Hazards at
32nd Intl Geological Congress (IGC), Florence, Italy, 04/08/20-28
-
Intl Conf on Science of Complex Networks: from Biology
to the Internet and WWW (CNET2004), Aveiro
(Portugal), 04/08/29-09/02
-
ICCC 2004, IEEE International Conference on Computational Cybernetics, ,
Vienna, Austria, 04/08/30-09/01
- ANTS
2004, 4th International Workshop on Ant Colony
Optimization and Swarm Intelligence, Brussels, Belgium,
04/09/05-08
- Dynamic
Ontology,
An Inquiry into Systems, Emergence, Levels of Reality,
and Forms of Causality, Trento, Italy,
04/09/08-11
- 9th
Intl Conf on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems
(ALIFE9), Boston, Massachusetts, 04/09/12-15
- Neuroeconomics 2004, Charleston, SC, 04/09/16-19
- TNew Economic Windows 2004: Complexity Hints for Economic Policy, Salerno, Italy, 04/09/16-18
- The
Verhulst 200 on Chaos, Brussels, BELGIUM, 04/09/16-18
- The
8th Intl Conf on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
(PPSN VIII), Birmingham, UK, 04/09/18-22
- The
Nonlinear Waves in Fluids: Recent Advances and Modern Applications, Udine, Italy, 04/09/18-22
- XVII Brazilian
Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Sao Luis, Maranhao -
Brazil, 04/09/22-24
- 3rd Natll Conf on Systems Science ,
Trento (Italy), 04/10/07-09
- TEDMED Conference ,
Charleston SC, 04/10/12-15
- Intl Workshop On Bifurcations In Nonsmooth And Hybrid Dynamical Systems ,
Milano (Italy), 04/10/21-22
- Wolfram
Technology Conference, Champaign, Illinois,
04/10/21-23
- 6th Intl Conf on Electronic Commerce
ICEC'2004: Towards A New Services Landscape, Delft, The Netherlands, 04/10/25-27
- Complexity and Philosophy Workshop - 2-Day Conference , Rio de Janeiro, 04/11
-
ICDM '04: The Fourth IEEE Intl Conf on Data Mining, Brighton, UK, 04/11/01-04
- Denaturing Darwin: International Conference on Evolution and Organization
, Amersfoort, The Netherlands, 04/11/12-14
- The 7th Asia-Pacific Complex Systems Conference, Queensland, Australia, 04/12/06-10
- 17th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Queensland, Australia, 04/12/06-10
- Kondratieff Waves, Warfare And World Security, NATO Advanced Research Workshop
, Covilhã, Portugal, 05/02/14-17
- Powders & Grains 2005, Stuttgart, Germany, 05/06/18-22
- Workshop on Complexity and Policy Analysis, Cork, Ireland, 05/06/22-24
-
18th International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF 2005), Salamanca, Spain, 05/09/19-23
