Complexity Digest 2005.19

09-May-2005

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Content

  1. In Pursuit Of Systems, Nature
    1. A General Methodology for Designing Self-Organizing Systems, arXiv
    2. Cooperative Game Theory within Multi-Agent Systems for Systems Scheduling, arXiv
  2. Is A Democratic-Capitalist System Compatible With A Low-Growth Or Steady-State Economy?, Socio-Econ. Rev.
    1. Credit Rankings of G.M. and Ford Lowered to Junk, NY Times
    2. The Peculiar Externalities Of Professional Team Sports, Econ. Inquiry
  3. Google Seeks Patents To Rank News Based On Quality, Reuters
    1. Google Eyes Better News Searches, BBC News
    2. Beware How You Google, IST News
  4. Quantum Crypto Move Out Of The Lab, IST News
  5. A Life Science Semantic Web -- Are We There Yet?, Science
    1. An Endless Frontier Postponed, Science
    2. All for One and One for All, Science
    3. Distributed Computing: Grassroots Supercomputing, Science
  6. Service-Oriented Science, Science
  7. Managing Ecosystem Services: What Do We Need To Know About Their Ecology?, Eco. Lett.
    1. One Law Rules Dedicated Followers Of Fashion, New Scientist
    2. Why Don't We Just Kiss And Make Up?, New Scientist
  8. Technology: Electronic Paper: A Revolution About to Unfold?, Science
  9. Attractor Dynamics in the Hippocampal Representation of the Local Environment, Science
    1. Neuroscience: Attractors in Memory, Science
    2. Memory Mimic Aids Reading, Technology Research News
    3. Buffalo Fireman Regains Long-Lost Memories, NY Times
  10. Neuroscience: Matching at the Synapse, Science
    1. Neuroscience: The Dark Side of Glia, Science
    2. Bees, Brains And Addiction, ScienceDaily
    3. Worth The Wait? A Neural Mechanism Related To Impulsive Decision-making, ScienceDaily
  11. Hotwire My Heart, Nature
  12. Is Acupuncture a Sham for Migraines?, Science Now
    1. New Drug Offers Jitter-Free Mental Boost, New Scientist
  13. Mouse Research Bolsters Controversial Theory Of Aging, Scientific American
    1. Living to Eat Cheese Another Day, Science Now
    2. Antioxidants A Key To 'Long Life', BBC News
    3. Longer Telomeres Associated With Higher Survival In Birds, Biol. Lett.
  14. Killer Dino 'Turned Vegetarian', BBC News
    1. Dinos Go Veggie, Science Now
  15. Fossils Illuminate Fish Evolution, BBC News
    1. Augmenting the Animal Kingdom, Wired News
  16. Developmental Biology: Morphogens Hitch A Greasy Ride, Nature
  17. Was Early Earth a Cool World?, Science Now
    1. Cleaner Air Makes Brighter Skies, BBC News
    2. Promoting Energy Efficiency, NPR TOTN
  18. Time Travelers to Meet in Not Too Distant Future, NY Times
  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terroist Networks
    1. Congress May Require Closer Scrutiny to Get a Driver's License, NY Times
    2. An Unrealistic 'Real ID', NY Times
    3. Captured Al-Qaeda Kingpin Is Case Of 'Mistaken Identity', Timesonline/Al-Jazeerah
  20. Links & Snippets
    1. Other Publications
    2. Webcast Announcements
    3. Conference & Call for Papers Announcements
  1. In Pursuit Of Systems, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: What is the difference between a live cat and a dead one? One scientific answer is 'systems biology'. A dead cat is a collection of its component parts. A live cat is the emergent behaviour of the system incorporating those parts. There is certainly a vast distance to go before we can fully encompass such a system within scientific description. So how is systems biology already moving us towards the fullest possible description of a live cat?
    1. A General Methodology for Designing Self-Organizing Systems, arXiv Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Abstract: This paper presents a conceptual framework for speaking about self-organizing systems. The aim is to provide a methodology useful for designing and controlling systems developed to solve complex problems. A brief introduction to complexity and self-organization is given before introducing the conceptual framework and the methodology. A case study on self-organizing traffic lights illustrates the ideas presented in the paper.
    2. Cooperative Game Theory within Multi-Agent Systems for Systems Scheduling, arXiv Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Abstract: Research concerning organization and coordination within multi-agent systems continues to draw from a variety of architectures and methodologies. The work presented in this paper combines techniques from game theory and multi-agent systems to produce self-organizing, polymorphic, lightweight, embedded agents for systems scheduling within a large-scale real-time systems environment. Results show how this approach is used to experimentally produce optimum real-time scheduling through the emergent behavior of thousands of agents. These results are obtained using a SWARM simulation of systems scheduling within a High Energy Physics experiment consisting of 2500 digital signal processors.
  2. Is A Democratic-Capitalist System Compatible With A Low-Growth Or Steady-State Economy?, Socio-Econ. Rev. Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Many ecological economists have called for a rapid transition to a low-growth and eventual steady-state economy. In response, a number of observers have questioned the capacity for a democratic-capitalist system to achieve such a goal. (...) It is argued in this paper that: (a) growth is eventually detrimental to human well-being and, as a consequence, a steady-state economy is a long-run necessity; (b) a steady-state economy can accommodate the requirements of a capitalist system; (...). As such, there is no reason why a steady-state economy and a democratic-capitalist system should not thrive in each other's presence.
    1. Credit Rankings of G.M. and Ford Lowered to Junk, NY Times Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The downgrading by Standard & Poor's, the credit agency, reflects the inability of G.M. and Ford to make enough cars that people will buy without $5,000 rebates and other sales incentives, as well as worries that the two automakers may not emerge anytime soon from their troubles, (...).

      S.& P. said it was especially concerned about declining sales of the large sport utility vehicles that Ford and G.M. have depended on for profit, particularly as Japanese automakers step up their interest in the pickup truck market. Editor's Note: It seems that finally the gasoline price in the U.S. is high enough for standard market mechanisms to kick in and influence consumer decisions and making gas mileage of a car a factor.

    2. The Peculiar Externalities Of Professional Team Sports, Econ. Inquiry Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Abstract: The economics literature has long been divided regarding whether competing sports teams can achieve the same, efficient allocation of playing skills that a revenue-maximizing league monopolist would choose despite the external effects the teams impose on each other in their pursuit of athletic talent. In this article an explicit consideration of the arbitrage incentives that underlie the marketing and pricing of playing skills indicates that decentralized franchises generally fail to allocate talent efficiently. For fans concerned about the championship prospects of their preferred team, the popular complaint has merit: "Big-city teams win too much."
  3. Google Seeks Patents To Rank News Based On Quality, Reuters Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Some of these postings have carried biased or inaccurate claims.

    (...) most reliable information sources, although some Web commentators have said it will create a bias toward mainstream news sources.

    According to the application, factors determining such rankings would include: the amount of important coverage produced by an identified news source, network traffic to the source, circulation statistics, staff size, breadth of coverage, and the number of bureaus the news source operates.

    "(...) it would be useful not just for news, but for search results as well,"

    1. Google Eyes Better News Searches, BBC News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Currently Google News will provide thousands of results, based on relevance to the keyword entered.

      More recent stories will rank highest.

      The system means a news story written by trusted sources such as the BBC or CNN could be outranked by a more obscure publication if the latter is a more current story.

      Online searching has become a hotly-contested area on the internet with Google, Ask Jeeves, MSN and Yahoo all competing for hearts and minds.

    2. Beware How You Google, IST News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Security researchers warn that a one-letter typo in Google's domain name could lead to a massive virus, and spyware-infection attack. A simple misspelling of Google's domain name could lead to a Web surfer's worst nightmare. In a new twist to the old practice of 'typosquatting,' virus writers have registered a slight variation of Google Inc.'s popular search-engine site to take advantage of any users who botch the spelling of the google.com URL. The malicious site, googkle.com, is infested with Trojan droppers, downloaders, backdoors and spyware, (...).
      • Source: Beware How You Google, Information Society Technologies News, 2005/05/02
      • Contributed by Atin Das - dasatinayahoo.co.in
  4. Quantum Crypto Move Out Of The Lab, IST News Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Quantum cryptography, is leaving the laboratory and making its way into commercial markets. Quantum cryptography allows two users on an optical fibre network to exchange secret keys. It takes advantage of the particle-like nature of light. In quantum cryptography, each bit of the key is encoded upon a single light particle (or 'photon'). Intercepting this data randomly changes the polarisation of the light, irreversibly altering the data. Advances in quantum computers or the discovery of advanced mathematical algorithms might one day threaten conventional scrambling techniques but quantum cryptography, properly implemented, is immune from such attacks.
  5. A Life Science Semantic Web -- Are We There Yet?, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: A major concern in the life sciences is how to deal with the exponential growth in the amount of data, as well as the increasing variety of its forms. To help address this problem, the Semantic Web (SW) (www.w3.org/2001/sw/) is a model for the Web that endeavors to create a universal mechanism for information exchange by giving meaning, in a machine-interpretable way, to the content of documents and data on the Web. (...) In the SW paradigm, we begin to consider biological, chemical, and clinical information as part of a viewable and computable web of related facts and hypotheses, not simply as disassociated data bundles.
    1. An Endless Frontier Postponed, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: At a time when global competitors are gaining the capacity and commitment to challenge U.S. high-tech leadership, this changed landscape threatens to derail the extraordinarily productive interplay of academia, government, and industry in IT. Given the importance of IT in enabling the new economy and in opening new areas of scientific discovery, (...). Where will the next generation of groundbreaking innovations in IT arise? Where will the Turing Awardees 30 years hence reside? Given current trends, the answers to both questions will likely be, "not in the United States."
    2. All for One and One for All, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: As scientific instruments become ever more powerful, from orbiting observatories to genomesequencing machines, they are making their fields data-rich but analysis-poor. (...) The four satellites of NASA's Earth Observing System currently beam down 1000 terabytes annually, (...). Few researchers have access to the powerful supercomputers that could make inroads into such vast data sets, so they are trying to be more creative. Some are parceling big computing jobs into small work packages and distributing them to underused computers on the Internet. With this strategy, insurmountable tasks may soon become manageable.
    3. Distributed Computing: Grassroots Supercomputing, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: What started out as a way for SETI to plow through its piles of radio-signal data from deep space has turned into a powerful research tool as computer users across the globe donate their screen-saver time to projects as diverse as climate-change prediction, gravitational-wave searches, and protein folding (...)

      By the end of its first year, Folding@home had run on 20,000 PCs, (...). Pande's group used Folding@home to simulate how BBA5, a small protein, would fold into shape starting only from the protein's sequence and the laws of physics.

  6. Service-Oriented Science, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: New information architectures enable new approaches to publishing and accessing valuable data and programs. So-called service-oriented architectures define standard interfaces and protocols that allow developers to encapsulate information tools as services that clients can access without knowledge of, or control over, their internal workings. Thus, tools formerly accessible only to the specialist can be made available to all; (...). Grid technologies can accelerate the development and adoption of service-oriented science by enabling a separation of concerns between discipline-specific content and domain-independent software and hardware infrastructure.
  7. Managing Ecosystem Services: What Do We Need To Know About Their Ecology?, Eco. Lett. Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Human domination of the biosphere has greatly altered ecosystems, often overwhelming their capacity to provide ecosystem services critical to our survival. Yet ecological understanding of ecosystem services is quite limited. Previous work maps the supply and demand for services, assesses threats to them, and estimates economic values, but does not measure the underlying role of biodiversity in providing services. In contrast, experimental studies of biodiversityfunction examine communities whose structures often differ markedly from those providing services in real landscapes. A bridge is needed between these two approaches. To develop this research agenda, I discuss critical questions and key approaches (...).
    1. One Law Rules Dedicated Followers Of Fashion, New Scientist Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: FADS, fashions and dramatic shifts in public opinion all appear to follow a physical law: one of the laws of magnetism.

      (...) trying to explain three social trends: plummeting European birth rates in the late 20th century, the rapid adoption of cellphones in Europe in the 1990s and the way people clapping at a concert suddenly stop doing so. In each case, they theorised, individuals not only have their own preferences, but also tend to imitate others.

    2. Why Don't We Just Kiss And Make Up?, New Scientist Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Spotted hyenas are highly sociable. Like other animals that live in close-knit groups, they don't always get along. But spotted hyenas don't hold a grudge. Within about 5 minutes of a fight, the erstwhile combatants can often be seen playing (...), or engaging in other friendly acts to dissipate the tension. And they are not the only animals with a penchant for kissing and making up.(...)

      (...) document reconciliation in no less than 27 species of primates. Bottlenose dolphins also do it. Even goats. So why can't we be more forgiving?

  8. Technology: Electronic Paper: A Revolution About to Unfold?, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Developers have high hopes for paper-thin flexible displays, but some technologists say "killer apps" to drive the technology remain to be found

    In an exhibition hall (...), a gigantic newspaper covering more than 5 square meters delivers the news to passersby in crisp black and white. Unlike a traditional broadsheet, which goes from printing press to trash bin within a few hours, the Yomiuir Global Newspaper never becomes old news. Instead, the display rewrites itself electronically twice a day, keeping readers up-to-date without generating wastepaper. (...): Electronic paper is coming.

  9. Attractor Dynamics in the Hippocampal Representation of the Local Environment, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Memories are thought to be attractor states of neuronal representations, with the hippocampus a likely substrate for context-dependent episodic memories. (...). For example, the hippocampal place cell representation of location was previously found to respond continuously to changes in environmental shape alone. We report that exposure to novel square and circular environments made of different materials creates attractor representations for both shapes: Place cells abruptly and simultaneously switch between representations as environmental shape changes incrementally. This enables study of attractor dynamics in a cognitive representation (...).
    1. Neuroscience: Attractors in Memory, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: One of the most challenging questions facing contemporary neuroscience is how the brain encodes the memories of an individual's experiences. (...) issue of how the brain makes a distinction between separate yet similar episodes is crucial. By recording the electrical discharges of neurons in the brains of animals performing different behavioral tasks, it is possible to decipher some of the rules governing this process.

      (...) suggest that memories are like attractor states in which all neurons abruptly and simultaneously change their electrical discharges in relation to the current experiences (...).

    2. Memory Mimic Aids Reading, Technology Research News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Cognitive scientists have known for decades that human memory can be modeled using semantic networks -- sets of words like "cat" or "dog" whose connections depend on the strength of the associations between them. When the brain retrieves one piece of information it activates the retrieval of related pieces of information. This process of spreading activation enables us to easily retrieve related concepts.

      (...) software that leverages the way the brain models words to help speed the process of reading or skimming through digitized text.

    3. Buffalo Fireman Regains Long-Lost Memories, NY Times Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: A Buffalo firefighter who apparently suffered brain damage in a 1995 burning roof collapse had a sudden unexplained recovery on Saturday.
  10. Neuroscience: Matching at the Synapse, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: One of the wonders of the brain is how its neurons organize themselves into complex synaptic networks. There are more cells in the mammalian brain than there are stars in the Milky Way. In the brain's cortex, each neuron forms synaptic contacts with as many as 10,000 target cells that belong to five or more different cell types. The details of how these synaptic connections are constructed are important as synaptic strength governs the reliability of information transfer (through release of neurotransmitter) from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic neuron.
    1. Neuroscience: The Dark Side of Glia, Science Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Long ignored, the nervous system's glial cells may turn out to be key players in disease and prime targets for therapy

      Drawing on her studies at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Watkins had argued that nervous system cells called glia contribute to the chronic pain resulting from nerve injury. This was at odds with the predominant thinking in the field, which held that such pain was purely a matter of miscommunication between neurons.

      (...) shifted the once-heretical view that glia are key players in neuropathic pain into the mainstream.

    2. Bees, Brains And Addiction, ScienceDaily Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: To understand the complex processes in the human brain that lead to addiction, some researchers at UCSD have turned to bees. (...) But how bees respond to simple rewards, such as food, can tell scientists much about the workings of the primitive portion of our brains that lead some of us to become addicted to tobacco, alcohol or other drugs. This region of the brain exerts such a powerful influence on the behavior of humans and other animals that a rat will work so tirelessly when it is rewarded with electrical stimulation to this region of the brain (...).
      • Source: Bees, Brains And Addiction, ScienceDaily & University Of California - San Diego, 2005/05/03
      • Contributed by Atin Das - dasatinayahoo.co.in
    3. Worth The Wait? A Neural Mechanism Related To Impulsive Decision-making, ScienceDaily Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Researchers (...) have identified single neurons in the pigeon forebrain that play a role in controlling impulsive decisions -- in the pigeons' case, the preference for a small, immediate reward over a large, delayed reward. In contrast to assumptions made by many economic theories, decisions by humans and other animals are often not rational, and their actions are not always exclusively directed toward the maximization of gain. A prominent example of such sub-optimal choice behavior is impulsive decision-making, in which case an immediate but disadvantageous reward may be preferred over a delayed but more advantageous reward. (...)
  11. Hotwire My Heart, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Growing numbers of people are being implanted with electronic devices that can automatically restart a failing heart. But have the risks and benefits been adequately assessed? Duncan Graham-Rowe investigates.
    • Source: Hotwire My Heart, Duncan Graham-Rowe, DOI: 10.1038/435014a, Nature 435, 14-15, 05/05/05
  12. Is Acupuncture a Sham for Migraines?, Science Now Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts:
    Poking around. Acupuncturists believe needles inserted along special lines called meridians help unblock a person's vital energy and cure illness.
    CREDIT: Photo by Chang Bioscience Inc.
    When it comes to treating headaches, acupuncturists might as well stick their needles in at random, according to a new study, which finds that traditional acupuncture is no better than its sham counterpart at reducing migraines. Even so, either sort of needling was significantly more effective than no treatment at all. (...)

    Practitioners argue that correctly placed needles cure disorders by unblocking the flow of a person's vital energy. But although many hail acupuncture as an effective treatment, others want more evidence.

    1. New Drug Offers Jitter-Free Mental Boost, New Scientist Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: A new class of drug may increase alertness without any of the jitteriness of over-stimulation, suggest the results of a small clinical trial released this week.

      A compound dubbed CX717, a member of the new class called ampakines, significantly improved performance on tests of memory, attention, alertness, reaction time and problem solving in healthy men deprived of sleep.

      The volunteers were hooked up to EEGs to measure brain wave activity and were put through a battery of tests. The first round of each session was after a good night's sleep.

  13. Mouse Research Bolsters Controversial Theory Of Aging, Scientific American Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts:
    Aging is a process we humans tend to fight every step of the way. The results of a mouse study underscore the potential of antioxidants as a tool in that battle: animals genetically modified to produce more antioxidant enzymes lived longer than control animals did. They also exhibited fewer age-related health problems overall.

    The free radical theory of aging posits that substances with unpaired electrons attack the body's molecules and cause the functional decline of organs over time. Thus, antioxidants, which neutralize free radicals, should slow this deterioration.

    1. Living to Eat Cheese Another Day, Science Now Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: In a boost for a controversial theory of aging, mice engineered to make a human protein that sponges up cell-damaging molecules live 19% longer than other mice. The new research, published online today in Science, is consistent with the idea that these so-called free radicals are a cause of aging, but additional work is needed to clarify how the protein actually extends lives.

      Some scientists think that aging is caused by a nasty byproduct of metabolism that beats up the components of cells, much like combustion wears down engines.

    2. Antioxidants A Key To 'Long Life', BBC News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Catalase acts as an antioxidant by removing damaging hydrogen peroxide, which is a waste product of metabolism and is a source of free-radicals.

      Free radical damage can lead to more flaws in the cell's chemical processes and more free radicals, making a vicious cycle.

      Dr Rabinovitch said: "This study is very supportive of the free-radical theory of ageing.

      "It shows the significance of free radicals, and of reactive oxygen species in particular, in the ageing process."

      (...) could help could pave the way for future development of drugs (...).

    3. Longer Telomeres Associated With Higher Survival In Birds, Biol. Lett. Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Differences in individual quality and survival within species are a major focus in evolutionary ecology, but we know very little about the underlying physiological mechanisms that determine these differences. Telomere shortening associated with cellular senescence and ageing may be one such mechanism. To date, however, there is little evidence linking telomere length and survival. Here, we show that tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) with relatively short telomeres at the age of 1 year have lower survival than tree swallows of the same age with relatively long telomeres. The survival advantage in the long telomere group continues for at least three breeding seasons. (...)
  14. Killer Dino 'Turned Vegetarian', BBC News Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts:
    An artist's conception of the bird-like Falcarius utahensis. (Copyright: Mike Skrepnick)
    The "mass graveyard" of a bird-like dinosaur has been uncovered in Utah, US, (...).

    Falcarius utahensis seems to represent an intermediate stage between a carnivorous and herbivorous form.

    The creature, which lived about 125 million years ago, provides a "missing link" in dinosaur evolution.

    "Falcarius represents evolution caught in the act, a primitive form that shares much in common with its carnivorous kin, while possessing a variety of features demonstrating that it had embarked on the path toward more advanced plant-eating forms," (...).

    1. Dinos Go Veggie, Science Now Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Discovery offers clues to evolution of strange plant-eating dinosaurs

      The first dinosaurs were carnivores. During their evolutionary history, many kinds of herbivores evolved, such as the horned triceratops and the giant sauropods. The new critter, named Felcarius utahensis, is a peculiar misfit. It was the only vegetarian member of a group of highly specialized predators called the theropods, which sported long legs and tails, slim bodies, and razor-sharp teeth. Therizinosaurs were most closely related to deadly Velociraptor-like dinosaurs.

  15. Fossils Illuminate Fish Evolution, BBC News Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts:
    The animals lived in a time when Africa was in an ice age
    Fossils of an ancient fish - dating back 450 million years, when the creatures had neither bones nor teeth - have been found in South Africa. The finds, which are 50 million years older than any other fossil fish in Africa, will help provide a "missing link" in the evolution of early fish.

    (...) how we know these fossils are fishes, (...).

    "The answer is that the exceptional preservation displayed in these rocks enables us to recognise the eyes, scales and even the livers of the animals. "

    1. Augmenting the Animal Kingdom, Wired News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: "With children, the insane and the demented we are obliged, when we can, to help these 'disabled citizens' to achieve or regain their full self-determination," says Dr. James J. Hughes, executive director of the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies and author of Citizen Cyborg. "We have the same responsibility to enhance the intelligence and communication abilities of great apes, and possibly also of dolphins and elephants, when we have the means to do so. Once they are sufficiently enhanced, they can make decisions for themselves, including removing their augmentation."
  16. Developmental Biology: Morphogens Hitch A Greasy Ride, Nature Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Morphogen proteins guide the development of many tissues in animals, but how are these insoluble proteins ferried around the body? A well-known group of lipid transporters might be the answer.
  17. Was Early Earth a Cool World?, Science Now Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The young Earth cooled quickly after forming, and life may have been able to arise soon after, a new study suggests. The analysis, using shards of Earth's oldest material, bolsters a relatively new view (...).

    Soon after it coalesced from matter swirling around the Sun about 4.57 billion years ago, Earth was likely covered with seas of molten rock. The long-prevailing view, based largely on models of planet formation, was that Earth stayed hellishly hot for 500 million years, the Hadean Eon. But the oldest minerals found-(...)--have suggested a much different picture.

    1. Cleaner Air Makes Brighter Skies, BBC News Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface is increasing, two new studies in Science magazine suggest.

      Using different methods, they find that solar radiation at the surface has risen for at least the last decade.

      Previous work had found the opposite trend, leading to a popular theory known as "global dimming".

      But the latest Swiss and US research indicates the dimming in the past has now been reversed, possibly because of reduced atmospheric pollution.

    2. Promoting Energy Efficiency, NPR TOTN Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Last week at a conference of small business owners, President Bush spoke of programs and technologies to make the country more energy independent. Some were ways to increase energy production. Others were technologies that would cut energy use. What can we do lessen our appetite for oil?
      Guests: Bill Prindle, deputy director and director of policy programs, American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy Tom Mast, author of Over a Barrel: A Simple Guide to the Oil Shortage Rep. Sherwood Boehlert, (R-NY), chairman, House Science Committee
  18. Time Travelers to Meet in Not Too Distant Future, NY Times Next Article Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Suppose it is the future - maybe a thousand years from now. There is no static cling, diapers change themselves, and everyone who is anyone summers on Mars.

    What's more, it is possible to travel back in time, to any place, any era. Where would people go? Would they zoom to a 2005 Saturday night for chips and burgers in a college courtyard, (...)?

    Why not, say some students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who have organized what they call the first convention for time travelers.

  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terroist Networks Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. Congress May Require Closer Scrutiny to Get a Driver's License, NY Times Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Congress is moving toward requiring states to verify whether applicants are in the U.S. legally before issuing driver's licenses.
    2. An Unrealistic 'Real ID', NY Times Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The federal driver's license mandate being put forth in Congress puts a new burden on the states and potentially subverts the real purpose of driver's licenses: safe drivers.
    3. Captured Al-Qaeda Kingpin Is Case Of 'Mistaken Identity', Timesonline/Al-Jazeerah Next Article Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: (...) the Libyan was neither on the FBI's most wanted list, nor on that of the State Department "rewards for justice" programme.

      Some believe al-Libbi's significance has been cynically hyped by two countries that want to distract attention from their lack of progress in capturing Bin Laden, who has now been on the run for almost four years. (...)

      One American official tried to explain the absence of al-Libbi's name on the wanted list by saying: "We did not want him to know he was wanted."

  20. Links & Snippets Next Article Bookmark and Share

    1. Other Publications Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. Bandwidth Advance Hints at Future Beyond Wi-Fi, John Markoff, - ref_date 05/05/04, NYTimes, A new wireless technology called ultrawideband, or UWB, should untangle the wires of home video, audio, Internet and game gadgets.
      2. A New Photoshop Makes Retouching Reality (Somewhat) Easier, David Pogue, 05/05/05, NYTimes, Adobe Photoshop, the world's most popular photo-editing software, has added some new features. What could it possibly have been lacking?
      3. Zooplankton Fight the Flow, 05/05/05, Science Now, Researchers find how key ocean feedings spots likely form
      4. The Letters of Richard P. Feynman, 05/05/06, NPR TOTN, The daughter of Richard Feynman talks about a new book of his collected letters. Guest: Michelle Feynman, editor, Perfectly Reasonable Deviations from the Beaten Track: The Letters of Richard P. Feynman
      5. Alan Lightman, 'Science and the Human Spirit', 05/05/06, NPR TOTN, Poet and scientist Alan Lightman joins us to talk about the intersection of art and science. Guest: Alan Lightman, author of A Sense of the Mysterious: Science and the Human Spirit. Adjunct professor of humanities, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
      6. Cyberinfrastructure: Empowering a "Third Way" in Biomedical Research, Kenneth H. Buetow, 05/05/06, Science : 821-824
      7. Technology: Shrinking Dimensions Spur Research Into Ever-Slimmer Batteries, Robert F. Service, 05/05/06, Science : 786 (...) create batteries that can be integrated directly onto structural materials, such as the plastic fibers in a laptop case. That way the material that provides structural support for the computer could power it as well.
      8. Lost Asteroid Clue To Pioneer Puzzle, Stuart Clark, 05/05/07, New Scientist
      9. What Rough Beasts?, Maureen Dowd, 05/05/07, NYTimes.Even as scientists issue rules on chimeras in labs, a he-monster with the power to drag us back into the dark ages is slouching around Washington.
      10. A Mathematical Theory of Citing, M.V. Simkin, V.P. Roychowdhury, 2005/04/14, arXiv, DOI: physics/0504094
      11. Adaptation and Interaction in Dynamical Systems: Modelling and Rule Discovery Through Evolving Connectionist Systems, Nikola Kasabov, 2005/04/26, Applied Soft Computing, Article in Press, Corrected Proof, DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2005.01.006
      12. Great White Shark Evolution Debate, 2005/05/02, ScienceDaily & Wright State University
      13. New Treatment 'Roadmap' Improves Odds For Unusual Brain Aneurysm, 2005/05/03, ScienceDaily & University of California - San Francisco
      14. Wiring Cost in the Organization of a Biological Network, Yong-Yeol Ahn, Beom Jun Kim, Hawoong Jeong, 2005/05/04, arXiv, DOI: q-bio.NC/0505009
      15. Washing Machine Fingers Lazy Male, 2005/05/04, Information Society Technologies News
      16. The Evolution Of A Conjugative Plasmid And Its Ability To Increase Bacterial Fitness, F. Dionisio, I. C. Conceição, A. C. R. Marques, L. Fernandes, I. Gordo, 2005/05/04, Biology Letters, DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2005.0275
      17. The Dynamics Of Visual Adaptation To Faces, D. A. Leopold, G. Rhodes, K.-M. Müller, L. Jeffery, 2005/05/05, Proceedings: Biological Sciences, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2004.3022
      18. Are There Genuine Mathematical Explanations Of Physical Phenomena?, A. Baker - abaker1aswarthmore.edu, Apr. 2005, Mind, DOI: 10.1093/mind/fzi223
      19. Malice In Maasailand: The Historical Roots Of Current Political Struggles, L. Hughes, Apr. 2005, African Affairs, DOI: 10.1093/afraf/adi033
      20. Popular Music, Popular Politics: Unbwogable And The Idioms Of Freedom In Kenyan Popular Music, J. Nyairo, J. Ogude, Apr. 2005, African Affairs, DOI: 10.1093/afraf/adi012
      21. Why Many Eligible Individuals Choose Not To Go On Welfare, P. W. Liu - pakwailiuacuhk.edu.hk, J. Zhang - ecszjanus.edu.sg, J. Zhang - jszhangacuhk.edu.hk, Apr. 2005, Economic Inquiry, DOI: 10.1093/ei/cbi026
      22. The Expansion Of College Education In The United States: Is There Evidence Of Declining Cohort Quality?, C. Juhn - cjuhnauh.edu, D. Il Kim - dikimaplaza.snu.ac.kr, F. Vella - frank.vellaaiue.it, Apr. 2005, Economic Inquiry, DOI: 10.1093/ei/cbi020
      23. Striking A Responsive Chord: How Political Ads Motivate And Persuade Voters By Appealing To Emotions, T. Brader - tbraderaumich.edu, Apr. 2005, online 2005/03/01, American Journal of Political Science, DOI: 10.1111/j.0092-5853.2005.00130.x
      24. Democracy And Education Spending In Africa, D. Stasavage - d.stasavagealse.ac.uk, Apr. 2005, online 2005/03/01, American Journal of Political Science, DOI: 10.1111/j.0092-5853.2005.00127.x
      25. Adapting Minds: Evolutionary Psychology And The Persistent Quest For Human Nature, D. J. Buller, Aug. 2005, The MIT Press, Book Announcement
      26. Complexity And Competition, D. Gale - douglas.galeanyu.edu, H. Sabourian, May 2005, Econometrica, DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0262.2005.00595.x
    2. Webcast Announcements Next Article Bookmark and Share

      1. Changing Habitats...Vanishing Species , Harvard University Science Center, 04/11/12
      2. Symposium : Energy For The Future, Taipei, Taiwan, 05/04/08
      3. Nonlinearity, Fluctuations, and Complexity, with a celebration of the 65th birthday of Gregoire Nicolis. , Complexity Session, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, 05/03/16
      4. World Economic Forum , Davos, Switzerland, 05/01/26-30
      5. 1st European Conference on Complex Systems, Torino, Italy, 04/12/5-7
      6. Neurobiological Foundation For The Meaning Of Information, Kolkata, India, Conference Webcast, 04/11/22-25
      7. ALife 9: Ninth International Conference on Artificial Life, Boston, MA, 04/09/12-15
      8. The 4th Intl Workshop on Meta-synthesis and Complex System, Beijing, China, 04/07/22-23
      9. Intl Conf on Complex Networks: Structure, Function and Processes, Kolkata, India, 04/06/27-30
      10. From Autopoiesis to Neurophenomenology: A Tribute to Francisco Varela (1946-2001), Paris, France, 2004/06/18-20
      11. ECC8 Experimental Chaos Conference, Florence, Italy, 04/06/14-17
      12. Evolutionary Epistemology, Language, and Culture, Brussels, Belgium, 04/05/26-28
      13. International Conference on Complex Systems 2004, Boston, 04/05/16-21
      14. Life, a Nobel Story, Brussels, Belgium, 04/04/28
      15. Nonlinear Dynamics and Statistical Mechanics Days, Brussels, Belgium, 04/04/26-27
      16. Science Education Forum for Chinese Language Culture, Panel Discussion, Taipei, Taiwan, 04/05/01
      17. Biologically Inspired Approaches to Advanced Information Technology, , Lausanne,Switzerland, 04/01/29-30
      18. Nonlinear Dynamics And Chaos: Lab Demonstrations, Strogatz, Steven H., Internet-First University Press, 1994
      19. CERN Webcast Service, Streamed videos of Archived Lectures and Live Events
      20. Dean LeBaron's Archive of Daily Video Commentary, Ongoing Since February 1998
      21. Edge Videos

    3. Conference & Call for Papers Announcements Bookmark and Share

      1. Online Course on Genetic Programming, with Lee Altenberg, University of Hawaii Outreach College 2005/01/10 to 2005/05/13.
      2. 2005 World Exposition " Nature's Wisdom, Aichi, Japan, 05/03/25-09/25
      3. 2005 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show Nanotech 2005, Anaheim, California, U.S.A., 05/05/08-12
      4. Socio-Dynamics, Networks and Markets, London, 05/05/09-11
      5. Understanding Complex Systems - Computational Complexity and Bioinformatics, Urbana-Champaign, Il, 05/05/16-19
      6. 2ndShanghai Intl Symposium on Nonlinear Science and Applications, Shanghai, 05/06/03-07
      7. SwarmFest 2005, Torino, Italy, June 5-7, 2005/06/05-07
      8. IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium Pasadena, California, USA, 05/06/08-10
      9. 10th Annual Workshop on Economic Heterogeneous Interacting Agents (WEHIA 2005) , University of Essex, United Kingdom, 05/06/13-15
      10. Powders & Grains 2005, Stuttgart, Germany, 05/06/18-22
      11. NKS Summer School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 05/06/20-07/08
      12. 6th Intl Conf Symmetry in Nonlinear Mathematical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine, 05/06/20-26
      13. Workshop on Complexity and Policy Analysis, Cork, Ireland, 05/06/22-24
      14. 2005 Genetic And Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2005), Washington, DC, USA, 05/06/25-29
      15. 6th Intl Summer School/Conference "Let's Face Chaos Through Nonlinear Dynamics"Dedicated to the 75th Birthday of Professor Siegfried Grossmann, Maribor, Slovenia, 05/06/26-07/10
      16. Computational Social and Organizational Science (NAACSOS 2005), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA, 05/06/26-28
      17. The Potential Impacts Of Systemics On Society, 49th Annual Meeting of the Intl Soc for the System Sciences, Cancun, Mexico, 05/07/01-05
      18. WOSC 13th International Congress Of Cybernetics And Systems, Maribor, Slovenia, 05/07/06-10
      19. Summer Graduate Workshop In Computational Social Science Modeling And Complexity, Santa Fe, NM, 05/07/10-23
      20. First Summer School on Aspects of Complexity, Bertinoro (Forlì), Italy, 05/07/18-28
      21. 4th International Workshop on Computational Intelligence in Economics and Finance (CIEF'2005), Salt Lake City, 05/07/21-26
      22. Epigenetic Robotics, Nara, Japan 05/07/22-24
      23. 5th Gathering on Biosemiotics, Urbino, Italy, 05/07/22-24
      24. Soc for Chaos Theory in Psychology & Life Sciences 15th Annual Intl Conf, Denver, CO, USA, 05/08/04-06
      25. 2005 Intl Conf on Natural Computation (ICNC'05), Intl Conf on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD'05), Changsha, China, 05/08/27-29
      26. Summer School on Econophysics and Complexity, Romania, 05/09/02-09
      27. ECAL 2005 - VIIIth European Conference on Artificial Life, Canterbury, Kent, UK, 05/09/05-09
      28. Complexity, Science and Society Conf 2005, Liverpool, UK, 05/09/11-14
      29. Dynamics Of Socio-Economic Systems: A Physics Perspective, Physics Center Bad Honnef, Germany, 05/09/18-24
      30. 18th International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF 2005), Salamanca, Spain, 05/09/19-23
      31. Genomics in Context, University of Exeter, UK, 05/09/28-30
      32. CSDS-2005 Intl Conf on CONTROL AND SYNCHRONIZATION OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS , Leon, Guanajuato, MEXICO, 05/10/04-07
      33. European Conference on Complex Systems, Paris, France, 05/11/14-18
      34. Econophysics Colloquium, Canberra (ANU), 05/11/14-18
      35. 3rd International Complexity Science and Educational Research Conference, Robert, Louisiana, 05/11/20-22, see also: Complicity: An International Journal of Complexity and Education, Inaugural issue - Free Online Access
      36. The Second International Workshop on Biologically Inspired Approaches to Advanced Information Technology , Senri Life Science Center, Osaka, Japan, 06/01/26-27
      37. FRACTAL 2006 Complexity and Fractals in Nature, 9th Intl Multidisciplinary Conf, Vienna, Austria, 06/02/12-15

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