Science In The Web Age: The Expanding Electronic Universe, Nature
Spooks, like scientists, need to keep an eye on the future. (...) Calvin Andrus, head of the CIA's unit for collaboration technologies, set out his stall in September's Studies in Intelligence with a paper entitled "The wiki and the blog: toward a complex adaptive intelligence community". Intelligence officers, he argues, should have access both to online (although obviously restricted) blogs on which they can record their experiences and insights, and to wikis - websites that can be edited by a community.
Editor's Note: Already back in 2001 we talked about how from a complex systems perspective a "Distributed Intelligence Agency" would appear to be more appropriate than a "Central Intelligince Agency",
Science In The Web Age: Joint Efforts
At its best, academia is a marketplace of ideas. But many scientists are reluctant to embrace the latest web tools that would allow them to communicate their ideas in new ways, (...).
When Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989, he saw it as a collaborative workspace for his fellow scientists at CERN, the European particle-physics lab near Geneva, and beyond. (...) original concept of users interacting in real time was largely forgotten. Fifteen years later, the web seems to be returning to its roots.
Let Data Speak To Data, Nature
Excerpts: Web tools now allow data sharing and informal debate to take place alongside published papers. But to take full advantage, scientists must embrace a culture of sharing and rethink their vision of databases.
Upload and share your raw data, and have a high impact factor for your blog - or perish? (...) web technologies, from personal publishing tools such as blogs to electronic laboratory notebooks, are pushing the character of the web from that of a large library towards providing a user-driven collaborative workspace (see page 547).
Science In The Web Age: The Real Death Of Print, Nature
Excerpts: (...) future in which books no longer gather dust on shelves, but exist as interconnected nodes in a vast web of stored literature, all accessible at the click of a mouse. So instead of hunting for specific books, scholars could search for specific information, customizing searches to suit their needs. (...)
In December 2004, the Internet search-engine company Google announced plans to change that. (...) The announcement energized other organizations in the United States and in Europe, which soon unveiled similar plans to scan and catalogue millions of books.
What's Wrong With Intelligent Design As Science?, UniOrb
Excerpts: The explanation for nature to be the way it is lies in the comprehensive theory of complex adaptive system (CAS). As a novel scientific theory, much of what is known about CAS involves a combination of mainly three accepted theories: evolution, chaos, and complexity. To put it simply, CAS is an open network system in which many independent, self-organized, yet interconnected agents (cells, species, individuals, societies, etc.) compete, evolve and adapt to a changing environment, resulting in an order of emergent system properties and a general pattern for the whole system.
Arbiter Of Taste: Energy Molecule Transmits Flavor To Brain, Science News
Excerpts: IN GOOD TASTE. Sensing the delicious flavors of a pie requires that the energy molecule ATP carry information from taste buds to nerves. Artville |
When food hits the tongue's taste buds, cells there send chemical messages that stimulate nearby nerve fibers. These fibers, in turn, notify the brain of the distinguishing tastes: whether each food is sweet, salty, sour, bitter, or umami¡X(...). Researchers have been missing a key piece of the taste puzzle: the identity of the messenger, known as a neurotransmitter, that sends information from taste buds to the nerve fibers. Scientists have proposed several molecules, including norepinephrine and serotonin, but experiments have ruled out most of the candidates.
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Excerpts: For the first time, researchers have been able to watch distinct areas of the brain -- the ones that relate to short-term memory -- fire up after volunteers ingested the equivalent of two cups of coffee.
"Everyone knows coffee makes us more alert, more vigilant, (...). We were able to show that caffeine modulates a higher brain function through its effects on distinct areas of the brain," (...).
Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant in the world, found in coffee, tea, soft drinks and chocolate.
Discovering Hidden Viral Piracy, Bioinformatics
Excerpts: Viruses and developers of anti-inflammatory therapies share a common interest in proteins that manipulate the immune response. Large double-stranded DNA viruses acquire host proteins to evade host defense mechanisms. Hence, viral pirated proteins may have a therapeutic potential. Although dozens of viral piracy events have already been identified, we hypothesized that sequence divergence impedes the discovery of many others. We developed a method to assess the number of viral/human homologs and discovered that at least 917 highly diverged homologs are hidden in low-similarity alignment hits that are usually ignored. (...)
- Source: Discovering Hidden Viral Piracy, E. Kim, Y. Kliger - kliger
compugen.co.il, DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti706, Bioinformatics, Online 2005/10/06 - Contributed by Pritha Das - prithadas01
yahoo.com
Network Inoculation: Antivirus Shield Would Outrace Cyber Infections, Science News
Excerpts: IMMUNE BOON. In these simulations, most nodes of an unprotected computer network (top) succumb to a virus (traveling along red lines). A self-immunizing network (bottom) fosters a counter-epidemic of vaccinations (on green lines) that sharply limits the virus' spread. Blue lines represent connections untouched by a virus or an immune response. J. Goldenberg et al./Nature Physics |
The best way to stop an epidemic might be to start one. That's the gist of a new strategy against computer viruses that was just unveiled by Israeli researchers. In their theoretical approach, when a computer network detects a new virus, it launches an internal counter-epidemic of self-propagating, protective messages. Upon receiving such a message, an uncontaminated computer immunizes itself against the virus.
Viral Cure Could 'Immunise' The Internet, New Scientist
Excerpts: A cure for computer viruses that spreads in a viral fashion could immunise the internet, even against pests that travel at lightning speed, a mathematical study reveals. Most conventional anti-virus programs use "signatures" to identify and block viruses. But experts must first analyse a virus before sending out the fix. This means that rapidly spreading viruses can cause widespread damage before being stopped.
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Excerpts: Laura understands you. She doesn't get mad; she knows how much pressure you're under, and she does everything she can to help you. She's kind and doesn't judge. Okay, so she's a software character, but many people that communicate with her find her strangely engaging. Rosalind Picard, a pioneer of affective computing, is trying to design software that can recognise and respond to users' emotional states. Can Laura really enhance people's experiences with their computers, and even improve their lives?
Global Warming And The Gathering Storm, New Scientist
Excerpts: There's a bitter controversy raging over whether global warming is making hurricanes stronger (...) Alarm has grown with a flurry of papers claiming that, contrary to expectations, the surge in temperatures over the past 30 years has already made hurricanes more severe. Not more frequent, but more intense, with stronger winds, longer durations, more rainfall and even less predictable paths.
And if the odds on powerful hurricanes are already shortening, there might be worse to come. (?) "Future warming may lead to an upward trend in tropical cyclone destructive potential," (?).
The Principles Of Collective Animal Behaviour, Phil. Tran. Biol.Sc.
Excerpts: In recent years, the concept of self-organization has been used to understand collective behaviour of animals. The central tenet of self-organization is that simple repeated interactions between individuals can produce complex adaptive patterns at the level of the group. Inspiration comes from patterns seen in physical systems, such as spiralling chemical waves, which arise without complexity at the level of the individual units of which the system is composed. The suggestion is that biological structures (...) ant trail networks and even human crowds can be explained in terms of repeated interactions between the animals and their environment, without invoking individual complexity. (...).
Self-Engineering Capabilities Of Bacteria, Interface
Excerpts: Under natural growth conditions, bacteria can utilize intricate communication capabilities (...) to cooperatively form (self-organize) complex colonies with elevated adaptability-the colonial pattern is collectively engineered according to the encountered environmental conditions. Bacteria do not genetically store all the information required for creating all possible patterns. Instead, additional information is cooperatively generated as required for the colonial self-organization to proceed. We describe how complex colonial forms (patterns) emerge through the communication-based singular interplay between individual bacteria and the colony. Each bacterium is, by itself, a biotic autonomous system with its own internal cellular informatics capabilities (storage, processing and assessment of information). (...)
Quasi-Species and Aggregate Dynamics, arXiv
Excerpt: At an early stage in pre-biotic evolution, groups of replicating molecules must coordinate their reproduction to form aggregated units of selection. Mechanisms that enable this to occur are currently not well understood. In this paper we introduce a deterministic model of primitive replicating aggregates, proto-organisms, that host populations of replicating information carrying molecules. (...)
Computational Modeling of Protocell Division: A Spatially Extended Metabolism-Membrane System, arXiv
Abstract: Cellular life requires the presence of a set of biochemical mechanisms in order to maintain a predictable process of growth and division. Cell division modeling is known to be a hard computational problem. Even when using a small number of assumptions, realistic simulations are often computationally costly and simplified ones far from realistic. In this paper we present a simple lattice-based model of cell replication involving a discrete semi-permeable membrane with an internal minimal metabolism involving two reactive centers. It is shown that such a system can effectively lead to a whole cell replication cycle. The model can be used as a basic framework to model whole protocell dynamics including more complex sets of reactions.
Bees Recognize Human Faces, Science Now
Excerpts: Remember me? Honeybees can discriminate among similar human faces and remember a face they've seen before. Credit: Adrian Dyer and Susanne Williams |
Think all bees look alike? Well we don't all look alike to them, according to a new study that shows honeybees, who have 0.01% of the neurons that humans do, can recognize and remember individual human faces. For humans, identifying faces is critical to functioning in everyday life. When we look at another person's face, a special brain region, the fusiform gyrus, lights up (ScienceNOW 14 February, 2004). But can animals without such a specialized region also tell one face from another?
Ganging Up on the Girls, Science Now
Excerpts: Harried. Female lizards produce two fewer offspring in average when they are forced into sex by outnumbering males. Credit: Jean-Fran?ois Le Galliard/University of Oslo |
It seems that 9-year-old boys aren't the only male creatures who will join together to torment their female counterparts. When male lizards largely outnumber females, they direct their aggressiveness toward mating partners, population biologists report. Such belligerence, they say, could put lizard populations at risk of extinction. Ecologists and evolutionary biologists have usually assumed that the ratio of males to females is stable in most animal populations.(...)
'New Mammal' Seen In Borneo Woods, BBC News
Excerpts: You don't find new mammals that often, and to do so must be extraordinary Callum Rankine |
In the dense central forests of Borneo, a conservation group has found what appears to be a new species of mammal.WWF caught two images of the animal, which is bigger than a domestic cat, dark red, and has a long muscular tail.Local people, the WWF says, had not seen the species before, and researchers say it looks to be new. (...)The creature, believed to be carnivorous, was spotted in the Kayan Mentarang National Park, which lies in Indonesian territory on Borneo.
A 'Periodic Table' Of Natural Products, ScienceDaily
Excerpts: Natural products have always been an important source for the development of chemical tool compounds or drugs respectively in chemical biology and pharmaceutical research. Researchers frequently build up what are known as "combinatorial libraries" based on the structural characteristics of natural products. Scientists from the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology in Dortmund, Germany have now described the structural interrelationships between natural products by analyzing some 200,000 of them in co-operation with scientists from the pharmaceutical company Novartis in Basel, Switzerland. This analysis led to a new classification of natural products based on their structure, (...).
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Excerpts:
More good news for those of us still waiting for practical fuel cells for our gadgets; Sony has developed a new technology that it says could help produce the world's most efficient DMFC (direct methanol fuel cell) yet. |
While a prototype won't be coming until next year, Sony has developed a film that uses buckyballs (Fullerenes) that should help fuel cells reach a power density of about 100 milliwatt-hours per square centimeter. Full details after the jump. The formula Sony has developed uses the buckyballs arranged in clumps of eight. Sony is mixing them in a polymer to form a barrier that makes for thinner membranes. The goo helps stop the penetration of oxygen across the fuel cell's membrane and stops methanol leakage, which in turn boosts the power density¡Kor so the Sony boffins say.
Nanochannels Don't Feel The Humidity, Science Now
Excerpts: Cornered. Tight corners siphon liquid at a constant rate, causing narrower nanochannels (top) to dry faster than wide ones (bottom). Credit: Nature |
Tiny, tight-cornered channels etched into a piece of glass dry out far faster than round ones do and at the same rate regardless of the humidity, nanotechnologists report. The curious phenomenon could one day be adapted to cool computer chips or to make textiles that draw away moisture with great efficiency, the researchers propose. When confined to nanometer-wide channels, liquids behave in surprising ways. For example, when two streams of fluid merge in tiny capillaries, they do not necessarily mix.
New Nano Material Is Far Tougher Than Diamonds, The Jerusalem Post
Excerpts: "We don't know if the rules of macro are relevant on the nano level," (...)¡¨, we're not sure if I-shaped beams (...) are also the optimally strong structure in the nano world,"(...). The team broke the world hardness record by combining quantum mechanics, chemistry and mechanical engineering. They synthesized polyyne, a superhard molecular rod comprised of acetylene units - that resists 40 times more longitudinal compression than a diamond. Ironically, these glittery gems are comprised from the element carbon and have the weakest type of chemical bonds, while polyyne has the strongest bonds in carbon chemistry.
Robots Aim To Explore And Build On Other Worlds, New Scientist
Excerpts: NASA is offering two new $250,000 prizes to stimulate advances in the use of robots in planetary exploration and automated construction. , called the Telerobotic Construction Challenge, aims to promote the development of semi-autonomous robots that can build complicated structures with minimal remote guidance from human controllers.
challenge will require robots to assemble structures out of building blocks strewn around an arena. Human controllers will only be able to see the arena using sensors on the robots and any commands they send will be subject to delays - just as they would if the robots were on the Moon.
IBM Introduces Self-Healing Data Center Software, CNET News
Excerpts: IBM has released new data center software designed to automatically detect and fix performance problems, advancing its effort to build "self-healing" technology. The new programs, which IBM announced Thursday, are from the company's Tivoli unit, which specializes in software for monitoring business system performance and availability.
One of the new programs, IBM Tivoli Monitoring 6.1, is an update to a previous product. The new version will tap additional servers when a key system, such as e-mail or online bill payment, becomes overloaded.
California Teen Wins Science Competition For A New Approach To Airplane Wings, Associated Press
Excerpts: A 16-year-old California boy won a premier high school science competition Monday for his innovative approach to an old math problem (...). Viscardi said he's been homeschooled since fifth grade, (...).
Viscardi tackled a 19th century math problem known as the Dirichlet problem, formulated by the mathematician Lejeune Dirichlet. The theorem Viscardi created to solve it has potential applications in the fields of engineering and physics, including airplane wing design. He said he worked on it for about six months with a professor at UCSD.
For Environmental Balance, Pick Up A Rifle, NY Times
Excerpts: Here's a quick quiz: Which large American mammal kills the most humans each year? It's not the bear, which kills about two people a year in North America. Nor is it the wolf, which in modern times hasn't killed anyone in this country. It's not the cougar, which kills one person every year or two.
Rather, it's the deer. Unchecked by predators, deer populations are exploding in a way that is profoundly unnatural and that is destroying the ecosystem in many parts of the country.#body_type2
Fixing The Game, NY Times
Excerpts: (...) Justice Department has been suppressing for nearly two years a 73-page memo in which six lawyers and two analysts in the voting rights section, (...), unanimously concluded that the Texas redistricting plan of 2003 illegally diluted the votes of blacks and Hispanics in order to ensure a Republican majority in the state's Congressional delegation. That plan was shoved through the Texas State Legislature by Representative Tom DeLay, who abused his federal position in doing so and is now facing criminal charges over how money was raised to support the redistricting. Editor's Note: When in a slime mold a head emerges it sends out inhibitor agents that prevents the formation of other heads nearby. With the emergence of human civilization families in power tried to stabilize their position by starting monarchies and dynasties. When the democratic idea arose, the ideas was to change the government peacefully in elections before it becomes so decadent that it will be overthrown by force. Today we witness another attempt at stabilizing power by circumventing democratic principles with manipulating electoral procedures etc.
New Twist In Texas Districting Dispute, NY Times
Excerpts: The Justice Department acknowledged on Friday that top officials had overruled a determination by its civil rights staff in 2003 that a Congressional redistricting plan for Texas, advantageous to Republicans, would violate the voting rights law. Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales defended approval of the plan, telling reporters on Friday morning that he was confident that the decision was correct. Conflicting views simply reflected a healthy deliberative process, Mr. Gonzales said.
Justice Staff Saw Texas Districting As Illegal, Washington Post
Excerpts: Justice Department lawyers concluded that the landmark Texas congressional redistricting plan spearheaded by Rep. Tom DeLay (R) violated the Voting Rights Act, according to a previously undisclosed memo obtained by The Washington Post. But senior officials overruled them and approved the plan. The memo, unanimously endorsed by six lawyers and two analysts in the department's voting section, said the redistricting plan illegally diluted black and Hispanic voting power in two congressional districts.#body_type2
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Excerpts: Of all the bloodshed in Iraq, none may be more disturbing than the campaign of torture and murder being conducted by U.S.-trained government police forces. Reports last week in the Los Angeles Times and New York Times chronicled how Iraqi Interior Ministry commando and police units have been
What Would J.F.K. Have Done?, NY Times
Excerpts: WHAT did we not hear from President Bush when he spoke last week at the United States Naval Academy about his strategy for victory in Iraq? We did not hear that the war in Iraq, already one of the costliest wars in American history, is a running sore. We did not hear that it has taken more than 2,000 precious American lives and countless - because we do not count them - Iraqi civilian lives.
Pentagon Pays Iraqi Papers To Print Its 'Good News' Stories, Guardian
Excerpts: Faced with suicide bombings, claims of Iraqi death squads, and kidnappings, the Pentagon has come up with an innovative solution to solving the problems in Iraq: buying good news. Using defence contractors or intermediaries posing as freelance reporters, the military has been paying Iraqi newspapers to publish stories written by a military propaganda unit lauding the US mission. According to the Los Angeles Times, the articles are translated into Arabic and placed in Baghdad newspapers where they are often presented as unbiased accounts by independent journalists.
Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Network
Wrongful Imprisonment: Anatomy of a CIA Mistake, The Washington Post
Excerpts: The Masri case, (...), offers a rare study of how pressure on the CIA to apprehend al Qaeda members after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks has led in some instances to detention based on thin or speculative evidence. The case also shows how complicated it can be to correct errors in a system built and operated in secret. (...) The CIA, (...), has captured an estimated 3,000 people, including several key leaders of al Qaeda, in its campaign to dismantle terrorist networks.
Imported Brains, NY Times
Excerpts: When it comes to student visas, nobody denies the importance of barring entry to terrorists, but nobody should be oblivious to the danger of excluding another Einstein. On one side, there's the risk: one of the plotters in the first World Trade Center bombing was on a student visa. On the other, there's the benefit: last year, 565,039 foreign students contributed about $13.3 billion to the United States economy. For every 100 foreign students who got American Ph.D.'s (...), the United States got 62 patent applications.
A Formula for Disaster, NY Times
Excerpts: Since the passage of the USA Patriot Act of 2001, the federal government has distributed more than $8 billion to help local police departments, firefighters and emergency medical technicians pay for equipment and training to prepare for terrorist attacks, including nuclear, radiological, chemical or biological strikes. In our report, the 9/11 commission recommended that this assistance "be based strictly on an assessment of risks and vulnerabilities." It seemed obvious to us that national security resources should be deployed where the threat is greatest.
Links & Snippets
Other Publications
- The Defining Of Torture In A New World War, Paul Reynolds, BBC News
- Radar Reveals Ice Deep Below Martian Surface, 05/12/01, New Scientist, The first ever underground investigation of another planet also finds tantalising hints of liquid water pooling in a buried impact crater
- W.'s Head in the Sand, Maureen Dowd, 05/12/03, NYTimes,The Bush warriors are so deluded they're even faking their fakery.
- The Pentagon's Vanity Press, John Tierney, 05/12/03, NYTimes, I hope the Pentagon is getting out of the news business. But if the would-be journalists can't help themselves, they should at least do a good job of propaganda.
- Waves Of Grain: New Data Lift Old Model Of Agriculture's Origins, 05/12/03, Science News, A new analysis of the locations and ages of ancient farming sites reinforces the controversial idea that the groups that started raising crops in the Middle East gradually grew in number and colonized much of Europe.
- Face Time: Bees Can Tell Apart Human Portraits, 05/12/03, Science News, Honeybees will learn to zoom up to particular human faces in a version of a facial-recognition test used for people.
- Valuing Nature, 05/12/03, Science News, With help from ecotourism-oriented commerce, the threatened birds of Uganda's Mabira Forest Reserve might just save themselves and set an example for conservationists elsewhere.
- Insomniac Brains Are Both Asleep And Awake, 05/12/03, Science News, Brains affected by sleep-induced insomnia function as if both asleep and awake.
- Pomegranate Juice Could Fight Alzheimer's, 05/12/03, Science News, Drinking pomegranate juice, already linked to a host of positive health effects, may also slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
- Cognition Down In Apple-Shaped Seniors, 05/12/03, Science News, Weight gain around the waist could go hand in hand with decreasing cognitive function as people age.
- Report Finds Cover-Up in an F.B.I. Terror Case, Eric Lichtblau, 05/12/04, NYTimes, F.B.I. officials falsified documents and retaliated against an agent who complained about problems, investigators concluded.
- Societal Implicit Memory and his Speed on Tracking Extrema over Dynamic Environments using Self-Regulatory Swarms, Vitorino Ramos, Carlos Fernandes, Agostinho C. Rosa, 2005/11/01, arXiv, DOI: cs.MA/0512003
- Artificial Agents and Speculative Bubbles, Yann Semet, Sylvain Gelly, Marc Schoenauer, Michèle Sebag, 2005/11/28, arXiv, DOI: cs.GT/0511093
- All Wet Or Dried Up? Real Differences Between Aquatic And Terrestrial Food Webs, J. B. Shurin, D. S. Gruner, H. Hillebrand, 2005/11/28, Proceedings: Biological Sciences, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3377
- New Math Models To Pick Up Where Computers Fail, 2005/11/28, ScienceDaily & Oregon State University
- Boffins Touch Over The Internet: Counting Their Chickens Before They Have Hatched?, R. Thirumalai, 2005/11/29, vnunet.com
- Taiwan Firm Offers Free Wi-Fi Calls: Taiwanese Hardware Company Jumps To Wireless Telecoms Market, S. Burns, 2005/12/01, vnunet.com
- Men And Women Differ In Brain Use During Same Tasks, 2005/12/01, ScienceDaily & University of Alberta
- Who Cares For The Poor In Europe? Micro And Macro Determinants For Alleviating Poverty In 15 European Countries, P. Scheepers - p.scheepers
maw.kun.nl, M. T. Grotenhuis, Aug. 2005, European Sociological Review, DOI: 10.1093/esr/jci032 - Scaling Of Flow Distance In Random Self-Similar Channel Etworks, B. M. Troutman - troutman
usgs.gov, Dec. 2005, Fractals [Complex Geometry, Patterns, and Scaling in Nature and Society], DOI: 10.1142/S0218348X05002945 - Urban Youth Violence: Do Definitions and Reasons for Violence Vary by Gender?, M. A. Yonas - myonas
email.unc.edu, P. O'Campo, J. G. Burke, G. Peak, A. C. Gielen, Dec. 2005, Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, DOI: 10.1093/jurban/jti077 - Digital Technology, Age, And Gaming, N. Holmes, Nov. 2005, Computer, IEEE
- Creating The Ultimate Research Assistant, A. Hoskinson, Nov. 2005, Computer, IEEE
- Bean-Counted Research Is Smelly, Dubois, P. F., Nov.-Dec. 2005, online 2005/10/31, Computing in Science & Engineering, DOI: 10.1109/MCSE.2005.113
- Two Brains, One Car - Actively Controlled Steering, Tongue, B., Oct. 2005, online 2005/09/26, Control Systems Magazine, IEEE, DOI: 10.1109/MCS.2005.1512788
- How Do Communication And Technology Researchers Study The Internet?, J. B. Walther, G. Gay, J. T. Hancock, Sep. 2005, Journal of Communication, DOI: 10.1093/joc/55.3.632
Webcast Announcements
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Call for Papers - Book Announcements
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Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines, © 2004 Robert A. Freitas Jr. and Ralph C. Merkle. All Rights Reserved. This book is now available for free on the Internet, 05/10
New Issue of
E:CO (Emergence, Complexity and Organization) was published online.