Complexity Digest 2001.13 Archive: http://comdig.unam.mx "I think the next century will be the century of complexity." Stephen Hawking, 2000 _________________________________________________________________ 01. 2nd Einstein Days: Complexity in Man, Nature and Reality, Video Conference Report 02. All Science Is Computer Science, George Johnson, NY Times 03. Mite-y Good News For Honeybees, Wired News 04. Did Humans Descend From Lucy Or From Newly Discovered Creature?, U. Utah/Science Daily 04.01. Another Face In Our Family Tree, Nature 04.02. The Flat Faced Man Of Kenya, Nature 04.03. New Hominin Genus From Eastern Africa Shows Diverse Middle Pliocene Lineages, Nature 05. How Bacillus Thuringiensis Has Evolved Specific Toxins To Colonize The Insect World, Trends in Genetics 06. The Increasing Complexity Of The Snail Gene Superfamily In Metazoan Evolution, Trends in Genetics 07. Trade-Offs, Conflicts Of Interest And Manipulation In Plasmodium-Mosquito Interactions, Trends in Parasitology 08. Olfactory Fingerprints For Major Histocompatibility Complex-Determined Body Odors, J. Neurosci. 09. The Smell Of Imprinting, Trends in Genetics 10. The Strength of Selection, Science/Am.Nat 11. Learning and Relearning, Science 12. Latching Onto Cellular Automata, Science/J. Appl.Phys 13. Potential for Turing Patterns, Science 13.01. Turing-Type Patterns On Electrode Surfaces, Science 14. Understanding Environmental And Geographical Complexities Through Similarity Matching, Complexity International 15. Evolution In The Multiverse, Complexity International 16. Toward an Architecture for Quantum Programming, arXiv 17. Search in Power-Law Networks, arXiv 18. Tiny Breaths, Science 19. Tjurunga Pty Ltd Joins Santa Fe Associates International, SFAI 20. Links & Snippets 20.01. Announcements 20.02. Pub Alert _________________________________________________________________ 01. 2nd Einstein Days: Complexity in Man, Nature and Reality , Video Conference Report Einstein made fundamental contributions to two scientific frontiers of the 20th century: His Theory of Relativity helps us understand the world at cosmic scales and his insights into the photo-electric effects paved the way to understand the sub-microscopic world of quantum phenomena. If Einstein lived today, he most likely would choose to explore the new frontier of complex systems. The 2nd Einstein Days were held in Calcutta, the place where his colleague and friend Bose lived and worked. The workshop was very interdisciplinary in nature and stimulating discussions on the interplay of science, philosophy, art, and religion complemented the formal presentations. Collaborative research projects were initiated, among them a proposal to study the traffic situation in Calcutta from an interdisciplinary perspective. Air pollution in Calcutta is intense and can be expected to have a strong negative impact on public health especially on the infants on the arms of their mothers who spend hours among the cars begging from the drivers. Calcutta is in a unique situation as being the only city in India where non-motorized (non-polluting) rickshaws are still legal due to the strong opposition of the union of rickshaw drivers. (see video). Using agent-based modeling one could simulate the socio-economic, public health, and environmental impact of separating the traffic into regions with more homogenous speed profiles and increasing human powerd traffic in the slow traffic areas. Complexity Digest sponsored a video coverage of the conference, where we tried to make all presentation accessible through streaming video and interactive access to the original visuals or notes of the presenters. We succeeded in capturing about six hours of talks on digital video that can be interactively played using the freely downloadable RealPlayer. 2nd Einstein Days International Conference: Millennial Vistas On Interdisciplinary Study Of Complexity In Man, Nature And Reality, Einstein Bhavan (Einstein Institute), Visva Bharati University, Calcutta/Kolkota, India, 01/03/14-16 _________________________________________________________________ 02. All Science Is Computer Science , George Johnson, NY Times Excerpt: Generating Celera's computerized genomic map required scrutinizing some 80 trillion bytes of data using what the company describes as "some of the most complex computations in the history of supercomputing." For this and other biological projects, Celera has assembled what is believed to be the largest civilian supercomputing operation in the world. The rival genome consortium, which relied on less computationally intensive techniques, had to yoke together 100 Pentium-powered PC's at the last moment to assemble 400,000 snippets of DNA into its own picture of the genome. All Science Is Computer Science, George Johnson, NY Times, 01/03/25 _________________________________________________________________ 03. Mite-y Good News For Honeybees , Wired News Excerpt: The Varroa mite -- a large reddish parasite -- is the scourge of the U.S. honeybee industry. Varroa jacobsoni feeds off both larval and adult honeybees and is regarded as the insects' single worst threat in the United States. Help is on the way, in the form of VarroaPop, a new software program available as a free download. VarroaPop -- short for "varroa populations" -- gives beekeepers a science-based estimate of how fast the mite population in a beehive might grow. From the VarroaPop website: VarroaPop simulates the growth of Varroa mite populations in honey bee colonies. The program demonstrates how Varroa mites influence colony population growth throughout the year. You can change many factors through the menus in the model such as the initial population size, queen egg laying potential, and mite reproduction rates, so you can see how these factors influence both colony and mite population growth. We hope that the model will help you understand the interactions between the honey bee and mite populations and provide insights on how best to control Varroa in colonies. Editor's note: Apparently there are bee populations in Asia that have learned how to recognize and defend themselves against mites. The problem is that American bees only have been exposed to the mite thread for about ten years. Asian bees that are attacked by mites performed a specific dance that attracts other bees that would go after the mites. It would be curious to see if the US bees could somehow learn from the experienced bees to defend themselves against mites. But to our knowledge there is no evidence for social learning in bees. Mite-Y Good News For Honeybees, Louise Knapp, Wired News, 2:00 A.M. Mar. 22, 2001 PST _________________________________________________________________ 04. Did Humans Descend From Lucy Or From Newly Discovered Creature? , U. Utah/Science Daily Excerpt: "In the absence of any other fossils in the time between about 3.8 million and 3 million years ago, the only possible human ancestor that could be claimed was Australopithecus afarensis," Brown said. "Now that we have a new form of early hominid from the same time period that is quite distinct from afarensis, the anthropologists will have to decide which of these forms of early human actually lies in our ancestral tree. It cannot be both." The study in Nature scrupulously avoids taking a position on which species may be the direct ancestor of modern people. "Kenyanthropus shows persuasively that at least two lineages [of early human relatives] existed as far back as 3.5 million years," Meave Leakey said in a statement issued by the National Museums of Kenya. "The early stages of human evolution are more complex than we previously thought." The smaller molars in Kenyanthropus suggest it probably had a different diet than Australopithecus, so both could have lived in the same area at the same time without directly competing for food, Leakey and Spoor said. The Kenyanthropus platyops fossils were discovered in 1998 and 1999, with the skull found in August 1999 by Justus Erus, a Kenyan research assistant working with Meave Leakey near the Lomekwi River in the western Turkana basin in northern Kenya. Erus noticed a tooth protruding from the mudstone sediment. Gathogo was there at the time. "I knew what they found without them telling me," said Gathogo, a native of Kenya who will graduate from the University of Utah this spring. "Having seen hominid fossils for a long time, it was obvious it was a hominid. … Everyone was so excited we started rejoicing." Brown and Gathogo had suggested Leakey look for fossils in the area where Kenyanthropus platyops ultimately was found because they noticed lots of undisturbed antelope and hippopotamus fossils there, indicating it had not yet been picked over by field crews. The fossil was found soon after Brown flew home to Salt Lake City. The skull apparently is the oldest known, nearly complete cranium of any form of early human. Brown said the Kenyanthropus discovery illustrates that "at almost every time in the past back to 4 million years, there were two or more species of hominid existing on Earth. So where we used to see a very simple ladder of evolution from one form to the next, the current thinking is that the evolutionary history of man and manlike creatures is more like a bush with many dead ends and only one stem that leads all the way to us." Kenyanthropus platyops resembles skull 1470 found in the eastern Turkana basin in the 1970s. Called Homo rudolfensis by some researchers and a member of genus Australopithecus by others, the Nature article suggests researchers now must consider if it instead descended from Kenyanthropus. Brown, Gathogo and McDougall estimated the Kenyanthropus skull's age by indirectly dating surrounding layers of tuff, which is rock deposited when ash from volcanic eruptions in Ethiopia was carried to the Turkana region by rivers and wind. Brown has worked with Richard and Meave Leakey since 1980, helping determine ages for fossils they found. "It's immensely satisfying," Brown said. The new study lists three dozen teeth, jaw fragments and other fossils found in the same rock formation as the Kenyanthropus skull and that appear to be different than Lucy's species. Spoor said only the skull and a partial upper jaw are confirmed as belonging to the new species. The others ultimately will be studied to determine if they also are fossils from Kenyanthropus. One of them is a temporal bone - from the skull's ear region - that Gathogo found in 1998. Skull Of New Early Human Relative Found In Kenya -- Did Humans Descend From Lucy Or From Newly Discovered Creature?, University Of Utah, Science Daily, 01/03/23 _________________________________________________________________ 04.01. Another Face In Our Family Tree , Nature Excerpt: The evolutionary history of humans is complex and unresolved. It now looks set to be thrown into further confusion by the discovery of another species and genus, dated to 3.5 million years ago. Until a few years ago, the evolutionary history of our species was thought to be reasonably straightforward. Only three diverse groups of hominins - species more closely related to humans than to chimpanzees - were known, namely Australopithecus, Paranthropus and Homo, the genus to which humans belong. Another Face In Our Family Tree, Daniel E. Lieberman, Nature 410, 419 - 420 (2001) _________________________________________________________________ 04.02. The Flat Faced Man Of Kenya , Nature Excerpt: The common ancestor of these two lineages is believed to be A. afarensis, made famous by the Lucy fossil. Over the last 15 years intense and successful fieldwork has doubled the numbers of recognised hominin species, and identified two new genera: Aridipithecus dating back to 4.4 million years ago, and Orrorin, claimed to be the oldest known hominin dating back to 6 million years ago. To this complicated picture is now added the genus of Kenyanthropus. The Flat Faced Man Of Kenya, Nature, Feature of the week, 01/03/22 _________________________________________________________________ 04.03. New Hominin Genus From Eastern Africa Shows Diverse Middle Pliocene Lineages , Nature Excerpt: Here we report on new fossils discovered west of Lake Turkana, Kenya, which differ markedly from those of contemporary A. afarensis, indicating that hominin taxonomic diversity extended back, well into the middle Pliocene. A 3.5 Myr-old cranium, showing a unique combination of derived facial and primitive neurocranial features, is assigned to a new genus of hominin. These findings point to an early diet-driven adaptive radiation, provide new insight on the association of hominin craniodental features, and have implications for our understanding of Plio-Pleistocene hominin phylogeny. New Hominin Genus From Eastern Africa Shows Diverse Middle Pliocene Lineages, M G Leakey, F Spoor, F H Brown, P N Gathogo, C Kiarie, L N Leakey & I Mcdougall, Nature 410, 433 (2001) _________________________________________________________________ 05. How Bacillus Thuringiensis Has Evolved Specific Toxins To Colonize The Insect World , Trends in Genetics Abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium of great agronomic and scientific interest. Together the subspecies of this bacterium colonize and kill a large variety of host insects and even nematodes, but each strain does so with a high degree of specificity. This is mainly determined by the arsenal of crystal proteins that the bacterium produces during sporulation. Here we describe the properties of these toxin proteins and the current knowledge of the basis for their specificity. Assessment of phylogenetic relationships of the three domains of the active toxin and experimental results indicat how sequence divergence in combination with domain swapping by homologous recombination might have caused this extensive range of specificities. How Bacillus Thuringiensis Has Evolved Specific Toxins To Colonize The Insect World , Ruud A. de Maagd, Alejandra Bravo, Neil Crickmore, Trends In Genetics, 2001, 17:4:193-199 _________________________________________________________________ 06. The Increasing Complexity Of The Snail Gene Superfamily In Metazoan Evolution , Trends in Genetics Abstract: The Snail family of zinc-finger transcription factors is involved not only in the development of vertebrate and invertebrate embryos, but also in tumour progression. Following the identification of eight new members, we have analysed the evolutionary history of these genes and found that they constitute a superfamily that groups two independent families, Snail and Scratch. We propose that the duplication of an ancestral gene at the time of the metazoan radiation (1000-500 Myr ago) gave rise to Snail and Scratch, and that independent duplications in protostomes and deuterostomes led to the present situation. We discuss the implications of the distinct duplication events on the acquisition of new functions. The Increasing Complexity Of The Snail Gene Superfamily In Metazoan Evolution, Miguel Manzanares, Annamaria Locascio and M. Angela Nieto, Trends In Genetics, 2001, 17:4178-181 _________________________________________________________________ 07. Trade-Offs, Conflicts Of Interest And Manipulation In Plasmodium-Mosquito Interactions , Trends in Parasitology Abstract: A long-held view among parasitologists is that infection by malaria parasites does not harm the mosquito vector. One of the reasons for this belief is that the two partners of the association share interests in the most important life-history traits of the mosquito. Both partners benefit from increased survival and an increased rate of bloodfeeding - the mosquito to increase its reproductive success and the parasite to ensure its transmission. Problems with this line of reasoning appear when one considers possible trade-offs among the mosquito's life-history parameters, which constrain the attempts by the mosquito and the parasite to maximize their success. Could these constraints differ between the two partners and thus lead to conflicts of interest and what would be the evolutionary and epidemiological consequences of conflicting interests? These questions will be investigated below. A long-held view among parasitologists is that infection by malaria parasites does not harm the mosquito vector. One of the reasons for this belief is that the two partners of the association share interests in the most important life-history traits of the mosquito. Both partners benefit from increased survival and an increased rate of bloodfeeding - the mosquito to increase its reproductive success and the parasite to ensure its transmission. Problems with this line of reasoning appear when one considers possible trade-offs among the mosquito's life-history parameters, which constrain the attempts by the mosquito and the parasite to maximize their success. Could these constraints differ between the two partners and thus lead to conflicts of interest and what would be the evolutionary and epidemiological consequences of conflicting interests? These questions will be investigated below. Trade-Offs, Conflicts Of Interest And Manipulation In Plasmodium-Mosquito Interactions, Alex Schwartz , Jacob C. Koella, Trends In Parasitology, 2001, 17:4189-194 _________________________________________________________________ 08. Olfactory Fingerprints For Major Histocompatibility Complex-Determined Body Odors , J. Neurosci. Abstract: Recognition of individual body odors is analogous to human face recognition in that it provides information about identity. Individual body odors determined by differences at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC or H-2) have been shown to influence mate choice, pregnancy block, and maternal behavior in mice. Unfortunately, the mechanism and extent of the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) involvement in the discrimination of animals according to H-2-type has remained ambiguous. Here we study the neuronal activation patterns evoked in the MOB in different individuals on exposure to these complex, biologically meaningful sensory stimuli. We demonstrate that body odors from H-2 disparate mice evoke overlapping but distinct maps of neuronal activation in the MOB. The spatial patterns of odor-evoked activity are sufficient to be used like fingerprints to predict H-2 identity using a novel computer algorithm. These results provide functional evidence for discrimination of H-2-determined body odors in the MOB, but do not preclude a role for the AOB. These data further our understanding of the neural strategies used to decode socially relevant odors. Olfactory Fingerprints For Major Histocompatibility Complex-Determined Body Odors Michele L. Schaefer, David A. Young ,Diego Restrepo, J. Neurosci. 2001 April 1; 21(7): P. 2481-2487 _________________________________________________________________ 09. The Smell Of Imprinting , Trends in Genetics Excerpt: Genomic imprinting, the parent-of-origin-specific gene silencing, might be involved in smell. Nick Allen and colleagues examined odour choice of F1 mice from reciprocal crosses between inbred strains and found that their odour preference depends on the strain of their mother. Furthermore, this preference was not due to previous exposure or learning, and is probably hardwired. The genes most likely to be responsible for this effect are those that code for olfactory receptors, as it is already known that these genes are only expressed from one allele - a pre-requisite for genomic imprinting. [Isles, A.R. (2001) Nature 409, 783-784] The Smell Of Imprinting, Trends in Genetics, A. Isles, Trends In Genetics, 2001, 17:4:192 _________________________________________________________________ 10. The Strength of Selection , Science/Am.Nat Excerpt: Natural selection is the pervasive force shaping the evolution of living organisms. Selection can take several forms--directional, stabilizing, disruptive, indirect--and can act in different ways on different organismal traits. In recent decades much research has been devoted to measuring the strength of the various types of selection on phenotypes and quantitative traits both in the wild and in the laboratory. (…) This synthesis provides a fresh view of the complexities of the evolutionary landscape and of the statistical hurdles that need to be cleared. The Strength of Selection, Science/Am.Nat, Editors' Choice, Science, Volume 291, Number 5512, Issue Of 23 March 2001 _________________________________________________________________ 11. Learning and Relearning , Science Excerpt: Experimental extinction, the disappearance of a conditioned behavior after repetitive trials in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, is not simply a kind of forgetting but rather a new learning phenomenon. To address the cellular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, Berman et al. (p. 2417) studied conditioned taste aversion in the rat insular cortex. Both acquisition and extinction of conditioned taste aversion were impaired by inhibition of protein synthesis and involved b-adrenergic receptor activation. Acquisition, but not extinction, was decreased by antagonists of muscarinic receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and also by mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. There are thus clear differences between memory encoding and consolidation during retrieval. Learning and Relearning, Science, This Week In SCIENCE, Volume 291, Issue 5512, March 23 2001 _________________________________________________________________ 12. Latching Onto Cellular Automata , Science/J. Appl.Phys Excerpt: In devices known as quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), the logic levels are represented by the spatial configuration of electrons, and coding of information in the device is controlled and manipulated by the position of a single electron. A clocked cell modulates the barrier between two quantum dots and allows the charge of the electron to be stored, or latched, into position, and thus provides a signal for the next cycle. Latching Onto Cellular Automata, Science/J. Appl.Phys, Editors' Choice, Science, Volume 291, Number 5512, Issue of 23 March 2001 _________________________________________________________________ 13. Potential for Turing Patterns , Science Excerpt: Chemical waves and patterns observed in solution for certain reactions can be explained by a mechanism proposed in the early 1950s by Turing. A critical ingredient for pattern formation in solution is that one species must diffuse much more rapidly than the others--a somewhat difficult requirement for small molecules. Recent theoretical work has suggested that reactions at electrodes could also exhibit Turing-type patterns if the electrode potential took the place of the rapidly diffusing species and if field-induced migration replaced diffusion. Li et al. (p. 2395) now experimentally verify this theory for the reduction of periodate on gold electrodes in the presence of camphor, an organic molecule that can condense on the electrode at certain potentials and inhibit reduction. Such pattern formation should be observable in many electrochemical systems and could operate at biological membranes that exhibit potential gradients. Potential for Turing Patterns, Science, This Week in Science, Volume 291, Issue 5512, 01/03/23 _________________________________________________________________ 13.01. Turing-Type Patterns On Electrode Surfaces , Science Excerpt: The patterns emerge owing to the interplay of a self-enhancing step in the reaction dynamics and a long-range inhibition by migration currents rather than by diffusion. Theoretical analysis revealed that this self-structuring of the electrode occurs in all electrochemical systems with an S-shaped I- fDL characteristic in wide and well-accessible parameter ranges. This unusual pattern-forming instability in electrochemical systems has all the characteristics of the mechanism proposed by Turing in 1952 in the framework of an early theory of morphogenesis. Turing-Type Patterns On Electrode Surfaces, Yong-Jun Li, Julia Oslonovitch, Nadia Mazouz, Florian Plenge, Katharina Krischer, Gerhard Ertl, Science, Volume 291, Issue 5512 ,P. 2395, 01/03/23 _________________________________________________________________ 14. Understanding Environmental And Geographical Complexities Through Similarity Matching , Complexity International The perception of similarity in objects and events plays a key role in the process of understanding them. By understanding self-organization and emergence in a complex system, this understanding should help in the understanding of similar complex systems. The use of the case-based reasoning paradigm in information systems proves to be helpful in the detection of similarities in different contexts. The search for these similarities results in new information about unknown phenomena, connecting them with already known phenomena. These ideas are extended in the contexts of ecosystems and geographical terrains. Abstract: This article illustrates similarity-matching techniques applied to environmental and geographical information domains. The general concept outlined is that similarity is a generative technique to analyse the cached information inherent in physical and social sciences. In essence, similarity is utilised to group natural kinds that manifest similar amenities in complex environments. Understanding Environmental and Geographical Complexities Through Similarity Matching, Holt, A. , Complexity International , Volume 7, Paper ID: holt01, 00/04/06. Contributed by Carlos Gershenson _________________________________________________________________ 15. Evolution In The Multiverse , Complexity International If quantum mechanics suggests that nature is non-deterministic, how can there be deterministic phenomena all around us? By the self-organization of nature. From one instant in time almost anything could follow, but what finally follows is just what better adapts to the rest of the world. Through time this leads to the evolution of systems. The evolutions of culture, societies, species, and life have been widely studied, but here there is the proposition of the evolution of physics: do physic laws also evolve? Abstract: In the Many Worlds Interpretation of quantum mechanics, the range of possible worlds (or histories) provides variation, and the Anthropic Principle is a selective principle analogous to natural selection. When looked on in this way, the ``process' by which the laws and constants of physics is determined not too different from the process that gave rise to our current biodiversity, i.e. Darwinian evolution. This has implications for the fields of SETI and Artificial Life, which are based on a philosophy of the inevitability of life. Evolution in the Multiverse, Standish, R. K. , Complexity International , Volume 7, Paper ID: standi07, 00/09/18 Contributed by Carlos Gershenson _________________________________________________________________ 16. Toward an Architecture for Quantum Programming , arXiv The quantum computing paradigm envisions a possibility of solving several problems which are "hard" for "classical" computers, such as finding all the prime factors of a large number. But taking the theory into practice requires several steps. As soon as quantum computers become available, the following issues could be contemplated: a set of quantum primitives, a high level programming language, and an automated procedure for translating and optimizing the high level code to low level control instructions for quantum machines. Abstract: This paper investigates a novel approach to the problem of programming mixed classical/quantum computing machines. A general discussion about quantum programming issues, models and hardware requirements is followed by the first step of this work plan, namely a template high level quantum language which complements a generic general purpose classical language with a set of quantum primitives. The proposed implementation scheme involves a run time interpreter byte-coding the quantum operations and piping them to a quantum device controller (or a simulator of some sort). We claim that the proposed language can compactly express existing quantum algorithms and believe that it can facilitate the design of future ones. Moreover, the general scheme pro-vides hooks for optimization modules both dependent on and independent from the underlying quantum device. Toward an Architecture for Quantum Programming, S. Bettelli, L. Serafini, T. Calarco, arXiv, Paper ID: cs.PL/0103009, 01/03/08 . Contributed by Carlos Gershenson _________________________________________________________________ 17. Search in Power-Law Networks , arXiv Networks presenting a power-law distribution in their node degree have already been studied in their properties, but this work is focused on developing efficient search algorithms in this type of networks, where there is no initial knowledge of the location of the target. "The algorithms use local information such as the identities and connectedness of their neighbors, and their neighbors' neighbors, but not the target's global position". The search costs of these algorithms scale sub-linearly with the size of the network. Abstract: Many communication and social networks have power-law link distributions, containing a few nodes which have a very high degree and many with low degree. The high connectivity nodes play the important role of hubs in communication and networking, a fact which can be exploited when designing efficient search algorithms. We introduce a number of local search strategies which utilize high degree nodes in power-law graphs and which have costs which scale sub-linearly with the size of the graph. We also demonstrate the utility of these strategies on the Gnutella peer-to-peer network. Search in Power-Law Networks, L. A. Adamic, R. M. Lukose, A. R. Puniyani , B. A. Huberman, arXiv, Paper ID: cs.NI/0103016, 01/03/20. Contributed by Carlos Gershenson _________________________________________________________________ 18. Tiny Breaths , Science Excerpt: Marine biological control of the flux of CO2 between the atmosphere and upper ocean is mediated by a combination of carbon uptake by phytoplankton photosynthesis, remineralization of organic carbon back to CO2 (community respiration), and export of biogenic carbon to deeper waters. These processes also help control the distribution of biogenic carbon in the ocean. Rivkin and Legendre (p. 2398) show that there is an inverse relation between temperature and bacterial growth efficiency and that bacterial respiration accounts for nearly all of the community respiration. Besides their ecological implications, these results suggest that increases in sea surface temperatures will increase the proportion of the assimilated carbon that is remineralized and thus decrease the solubility of CO2. These effects would then create a positive feedback between atmospheric CO2 and temperature. Tiny Breaths, This Week In SCIENCE, Volume 291, Issue 5512, March 23 2001 _________________________________________________________________ 19. Tjurunga Pty Ltd Joins Santa Fe Associates International , SFAI Santa Fe Associates International, an international network of business consulting companies, announced the addition of Tjurunga, an Australian company, to the group. The group's approach is particularly inspired by research done over the past several decades in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in the development of "complexity sciences." SFAI´s leadership includes some of the pioneers in that field. Tjurunga is a new consultancy specializing in application of advances in the sciences of complexity to business and government. Its offerings cover three areas: Emerging markets based on environmental services; corporate strategies for adapting to changing demands and opportunities; and improvements in business operations. Tjurunga is headed by Dr. Roger Bradbury, a former chief science advisor in the Australian government, and Bohdan Durnota, a computer scientist with an international reputation is modeling complex systems. Tjurunga has offices in Canberra and Melbourne. (…) Tjurunga Pty Ltd Joins Santa Fe Associates International, SFAI, Santa Fe Associates International ,NewsRelease, March 12, 2001. _________________________________________________________________ 20. Links & Snippets _________________________________________________________________ 20.01. Announcements NetLogo 4 released: NetLogo is the new multiplatform complexity modeling and simulation environment, 01/03/21 International Symposium on Technology, Economic and Social Applications of Distributed Intelligence (TESADI'01) at the 2001 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC'01), Tucson, Arizona, USA, October 7-10, 2001 20th ICDE World Conference On Open Learning And Distance Education, Düsseldorf, Germany, 01/04/01 - 05 4th European Conference on Genetic Programming (EuroGP2001), Como, Italy, 01/04/18-20 SwarmFest 2001, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 01/04/28-30 SFI Wkshp on Complexity - Unifying Themes for the Sciences and New Frontiers for Mathematics, MPI for Math in Sci, Leipzig, Germany, 01/05/14-18 (Limited Participation) Complex Systems and Art, NECSI/Santa Fe Art Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA, 01/06/08 2nd Europ Interdisp School on Nonlin Dyn for Syst & Sig Anal , EUROATTRACTOR2001, Inst Biocyb & Biomed Eng, Polish Acad Sci, Warsaw, 01/06/19-28 SFI Graduate Workshop in Computational Economics, Santa Fe, NM, 01/07/15-28 (Limited Participation) SFI Complex Systems Summer School, Santa Fe, NM, 01/06/10-07/07 (Limited Participation) The 3nd Symp. on Systems Res. in the Arts Music, Environmental Design, and the Choreography of Space, Baden-Baden, Germany, 01/07/30-08/04 SFI Complex Systems Summer School, Budapest, Santa Fe, NM, 01/07/16-08/10 (Limited Participation) SFI Workshop on Poverty Traps," Santa Fe, NM, 01/07/20-22 (Limited Participation) Intl. Conf. DYNAMICAL NETWORKS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS, Kiel, Germany, 01/07/25-27 SFI Summer Workshop: Mathematical Models in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 01/07/29-08/10 (Limited Participation) 11th Annual International Conference The Society For Chaos Theory in Psychology & Life Sciences, Madison, WI, USA, 01/08/3-6 5th Intl Conf on COMPUTING ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS, Liege, Belgium, 01/08/13-18 Artificial Life Models for Musical Applications, Workshop of the 6th European Conference on Artificial Life, Prague, Czech Republic, 01/09/09-14 SFI Workshop on Economic Inequality and Economic Sustainability, Santa Fe, NM, 01/09/21-23 (Limited Participation) 1st Asia-Pacific Conf On Web Intelligence, Maebashi TERRSA, Maebashi City, Japan, 01/10/23-26 ComDig Contributing Editors Wanted: Due to the overwhelming success of Complexity Digest in both the academic and practioner communities we are in the fortunate situation to offer one or several positions of contributing editors especially in the areas of economic and business applications. Requirements are a solid background in complexity, reliable access to the Internet, and good editorial skills. Financial support could be available. Please send applications to editor@comdig.org Chalmers University of Technology in Goteborg, Sweden, offers an international Master's program in complex adaptive systems starting in Sept. 2001 _________________________________________________________________ 20.02. Pub Alert These references can be found in http://www.thescientificworld.com/. To retrieve the articles connect to the site and search for the title. A Low Complexity Adaptive Beamforming Using the Split RLS Algorithm, Joo, I.; Kim, K., IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS E SERIES B Low Complexity Soft Decision Decoding Algorithms for Reed-Solomon Codes, Vucetic, B.; Ponampalam, V.; Vuckovic, J., IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS E SERIES B Effects of Habitat Area and Complexity on Colorado River Cutthroat Trout Density in Uinta Mountain Streams, Horan, D. L.; Kershner, J. L.; Hawkins, C. P.; Crowl, T. A., TRANSACTIONS- AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY Problem Solving: Complexity, History, Sustainability, Tainter, J. A., POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT The simple solution to a complex case, Kuhme, T.; Franzen, S.; Nylander, E., JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY The Operational Complex Quality Control of Radiosonde Heights and Temperatures at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Part I: Description of the Method, Part II: Examples of Error Diagnosis and Correction from Operational Use, Collins, W. G., JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY To Quantify Experience? Methodological Issues In The Behavioural/Psychological Treatment Of Complex Partial Seizures, Benak, J. C., SEIZURE Self-Assembly Of Monodispersed Spherical Colloids Into Complex Aggregates With Well-Defined Sizes, Shapes, And Structures, Yin, Y.; Xia, Y., ADVANCED MATERIALS -DEERFIELD BEACH THEN WEINHEIM- Linear and Nonlinear Problems on the Elastic Deformation of Complex Shells and Methods of Their Numerical Solution, Grigorenko, Y. M.; Savula, Y. G.; Mukha, I. S., INTERNATIONAL APPLIED MECHANICS C/C OF PRIKLADNAIA MEKHANIKA Introduction to the Special Issues on Societal Metabolism: Blending New Insights from Complex System Thinking with Old Insights from Biophysical Analyses of the Economic Process, Giampietro, M.; Mayumi, K.; Martinez-Alier, J., POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT _________________________________________________________________ [1]Complexity Digest is an independent publication available to organizations that may wish to repost ComDig to their own mailing lists. 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