Complexity Digest 2002.23

10-Jun-2002

  1. Statistical Model Tackles World Cup Predictions, New Scientist
  2. Complex Adaptive Systems, UK Nonlinear News
    1. France 0 : 1 Senegal, FIFAworldcup.com
    2. Penalties No Lottery, Nature Science Update
  3. Neuroscience: Will, Anterior Cingulate Cortex, And Addiction, Science
    1. Anterior Cingulate: Single Neuronal Signals Related to Degree of Reward Expectancy, Science
  4. Budgeting: 8 Ways to Take Control, Darwin Mag
    1. Bye-Bye Bar Codes? The Smart Chip Could Revolutionize The Supply Chain, Darwin Mag
  5. Steve Jobs: MPEG-4 Is The Next Big Thing, ZDNet
  6. Steering Reactions With Light, Science News
    1. Design And Control Of Patterns Of Wave Propagation In Excitable Media, Science
  7. Emerging Coherence in a Population of Chemical Oscillators, Science
    1. Self-Organized Nanostructures In Surface Chemical Reactions, Chaos
  8. Universe Is A Computer, Nature Science Update
    1. Computational Capacity Of The Universe, Phys. Rev. Lett.
  9. Scientists Add New Dimension to Supernovae Simulations, Scientific American
    1. The Life Cycle of Galaxies, Scientific American
  10. Explaining the Latitudinal Distribution of Sunspots with Deep Meridional Flow, Science
  11. Parallel Processing In High-Level Categorization Of Natural Images, Nature Neuroscience
  12. Dickerson's Formula: Biochemistry's Equivalent to Moore's Law, enVision
    1. Biochemical Modeling Helps Explain Complex Neural Junction in Chicken Embryo, enVision
  13. Redrawing the Brain's Map of the Body, Science
    1. Operant Reward Learning in Aplysia: Neuronal Correlates and Mechanisms, Science
  14. Chemical Weapons Trigger Civil War, Nature Science Update
  15. Ecology: Neutrality Versus The Niche, Nature
  16. Efficiency of Scale-Free Networks: Error and Attack Tolerance, arXiv
    1. Epidemic Threshold in Structured Scale-Free Networks, arXiv
  17. Nuclear physics: Weighing Up Nuclear Masses, Nature
    1. Nuclear Masses: Evidence of Order-Chaos Coexistence, Phys. Rev. Lett.
  18. Bose-Einstein Condensation: Making It With Molecules, Nature
  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks
    1. Rumsfeld Warns Al-Qaeda Could Exploit Indo-Pak Standoff, Hindustan Times
    2. Qaeda Said To Enter Pakistani Cities, International Herald Tribune
    3. CIA Gave FBI Warning On Hijacker, Washington Post
    4. FBI Whistle-Blower Assails Bloated Bureaucracy, Washington Post,
  20. Links & Snippets
    1. Santa Fe Institute Working Papers
    2. Other Publications
    3. Webcast Announcements
    4. Conference Announcements

  1. Statistical Model Tackles World Cup Predictions, New Scientist Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: A new statistical model of the World Cup football tournament could provide a more accurate set of predictions than either bookmakers and television pundits, according to Henry Stott, a mathematician at the University of Warwick, UK.

    Stott has used a modelling technique more commonly applied to financial risk assessment to predict the outcome of every game in the 2002 competition, as well as the ultimate winners. (…)

    The biggest surprise came in individual matches. Stott's system gave a much higher chance that underdogs would upset strong teams than bookmakers.



  2. Complex Adaptive Systems, UK Nonlinear News Bookmark and Share

    Contributing Editor's Note: The concepts of complex adaptive systems (CAS) as networks has been applied to numerous fields and have led to a number of exciting results. It has been applied to brains, communication networks like Internet & World Wide Web to take into account the interactions, nonlinearites within a system that governs its dynamics. The following article is about a book devoted to such effort and describes some examples of CAS.

    Excerpts: The most prominent example of a complex adaptive system is our brain. It consists of neurons which are connected by synapses to a complex and intricate network which is (…). In recent years it has become clear that the picture of complex adaptive systems as networks(…) can adapt their dynamical behaviour to external influences, applies to many evolutionary processes ranging from the emergence of life our of a network of interacting biopolymers, via Darwinian evolution with its ecological and economical networks, to the emergence of higher brain functions in neural networks and man made, i.e. evolutionary caused, communications networks like the internet.



    1. France 0 : 1 Senegal, FIFAworldcup.com Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Senegal did not seem intimidated at all by the FIFA World Cup holders in the early going,(…).

      Senegal shocked France with the tournament's first goal at the half-hour mark, just when it seemed that the French offside trap had Diouf in fits. The Senegalese striker rounded Frank Leboeuf and laid a dangerous ball across the face of the goal. It took deflections from Emmanuel Petit and Barthez before sitting up wonderfully for Papa Bouba Diop, who easily knocked the ball into the open net from his backside (0:1, 30').



    2. Penalties No Lottery, Nature Science Update Bookmark and Share

      (…) expert goalkeepers are much better than novices at predicting where the ball will go and getting there in time. This knack seems to rest on reading the clues in the striker's posture just before he kicks the ball1.

      The finding could help players to disguise their kicks - or help goalkeepers save them. "Science suggests that you can minimize the effects of luck by training 'keepers and penalty takers," says Williams. (…) nearly half of World Cup semifinals go to penalties.



  3. Neuroscience: Will, Anterior Cingulate Cortex, And Addiction, Science Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: To survive, maximize benefit, and minimize harm, individuals need to select actions that optimize attainment of adaptive goals. Often, and particularly in cases where a long and possibly uncertain sequence of actions is required to attain a goal, it is necessary to exert "willed" control over selection of the appropriate behaviors. (…) they identify a group of neurons (…) of monkey brain that encode reward expectancy and may be crucial for boosting actions that will improve the odds of attaining the reward.

     



    1. Anterior Cingulate: Single Neuronal Signals Related to Degree of Reward Expectancy, Science Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: As monkeys perform schedules containing several trials with a visual cue indicating reward proximity, their error rates decrease as the number of remaining trials decreases, suggesting that their motivation and/or reward expectancy increases as the reward approaches. (…) had responses that progressively changed strength with reward expectancy, an effect that disappeared when the cue was random. Alterations of this progression could be the basis for the changes from normal that are reported in anterior cingulate population activity for obsessive-compulsive disorder and drug abuse, conditions characterized by disturbances in reward expectancy.



  4. Budgeting: 8 Ways to Take Control, Darwin Mag Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Employees who are in daily contact with your customers are more likely to have a clear picture of customer demand than managers several layers removed from the front lines. In the past, though, the sheer complexity of involving frontline employees in the forecasting and budgeting process led to top-down budgeting and planning.

    Now software (much of it Web-based) makes it easy for even thousands of employees to simultaneously enter data into standard templates. It "allows you to have a highly collaborative process,"(...).



    1. Bye-Bye Bar Codes? The Smart Chip Could Revolutionize The Supply Chain, Darwin Mag Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Kevin Ashton wants to make stuff smart. (…) How? By tagging each piece of stuff with a small microchip, smaller than a speck of dust. Why? (…)

      The intelligence comes in the form of a Smart Tag, a tiny chip that can store an electronic product code (ePC), a 96-bit long number. That's long enough to uniquely identify every single product in the world. Smart Tags also have a built-in antenna that can send information wirelessly to a special reader, which in turn can send the information over the Internet, where other applications can use it.



  5. Steve Jobs: MPEG-4 Is The Next Big Thing, ZDNet Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: What's so great about MPEG-4?

    It delivers video quality as good as MPEG-2 at about one-third less the bit rate. (…) It has got higher quality than anything out there--including Microsoft's upcoming Corona--and it's totally scalable. Everybody's jumping on this bandwagon. We've announced we're going to switch over to MPEG-4. Real has said they're going to. All the cell phone companies are going to be using it; it is the standard for third-generation cell phone video streaming. It also features AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) audio, which is the best audio around. It blows away MP3 (and) Windows Media.



  6. Steering Reactions With Light, Science News Bookmark and Share

    Summary: A light-based scheme for guiding the motion of chemical wave fronts may suggest ways to control analogous waves present in epileptic seizures and heart arrhythmias.


    1. Design And Control Of Patterns Of Wave Propagation In Excitable Media, Science Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: Intricate patterns of wave propagation are exhibited in a chemical reaction-diffusion system with spatiotemporal feedback. Wave behavior is controlled by imposing feedback-regulated excitability gradients to guide propagation in specified directions. Waves interacting with boundaries and with other waves are observed when interaction terms are incorporated into the control algorithm. Spatio-temporal feedback offers wide flexibility for designing and controlling wave behavior in excitable media.

      It is now possible to implement control strategies that yield new modes of spatiotemporal behavior in excitable chemical and biological media.



  7. Emerging Coherence in a Population of Chemical Oscillators, Science Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Coherence of interacting oscillating entities has importance in biological, chemical, and physical systems. We report experiments on populations of chemical oscillators and verify a 25-year-old theory of Kuramoto that predicts that global coupling in a set of smooth limit-cycle oscillators with different frequencies produces a phase transition in which some of the elements synchronize. Both the critical point and the predicted dependence of order on coupling are seen in the experiments. We extend the studies both to relaxation and to chaotic oscillators and characterize the quantitative similarities and differences among the types of systems.


    1. Self-Organized Nanostructures In Surface Chemical Reactions, Chaos Bookmark and Share

      Abstract: We have found that stationary and traveling nanostructures may result from the interplay of the attractive lateral interactions and nonequilibrium reactions. Besides reviewing these results, a detailed investigation of a single reactive adsorbate in the presence of attractive lateral interactions and global coupling through the gas phase is presented. Finally, it is outlined how a mesoscopic theory should be constructed for a particular scanning tunneling microscopy experiment in order to overcome the failure of a corresponding reaction–diffusion model to quantitatively reproduce the experiments.


  8. Universe Is A Computer, Nature Science Update Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: To simulate the Universe in every detail since time began, the computer would have to have 1090 bits - binary digits, or devices capable of storing a 1 or a 0 - and it would have to perform 10120 manipulations of those bits.

    "If one regards the Universe as performing a computation, most of the elementary operations in that computation consist of protons, neutrons, electrons and photons moving from place to place and interacting with each other according to the basic laws of physics."

    What, then, is the Universe computing? "Its own dynamical evolution".



    1. Computational Capacity Of The Universe, Phys. Rev. Lett. Bookmark and Share

      Abstract: All physical systems register and process information. The laws of physics determine the amount of information that a physical system can register (number of bits) and the number of elementary logic operations that a system can perform (number of ops).

      The Universe is a physical system. The amount of information that the Universe can register and the number of elementary operations that it can have performed over its history are calculated. The Universe can have performed 10120 ops on 1090 bits (10120 bits including gravitational degrees of freedom).

      Editor's Note:  For a true theoretician an uncertainty of 30 (!) orders of magnitude might not be such a big deal. At least it seems that Lloyd's estimate got the sign right.



  9. Scientists Add New Dimension to Supernovae Simulations, Scientific American Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Using one of the world's fastest computers outfitted with a host of sophisticated software, Michael Warren and Chris Fryer of Los Alamos National Laboratory and their colleagues created the first three-dimensional computer simulations of a dying star's last moments (…) From the point of core collapse to the fierce supernova explosion--events only milliseconds apart--the new model allows researchers to answer important questions in more detail than ever before. "Modeling the collapse of a massive star represents one of the greatest challenges in computational physics," (…)


    1. The Life Cycle of Galaxies, Scientific American Bookmark and Share

      • The Life Cycle of Galaxies, Guinevere Kauffmann, Frank Van Den Bosch, Scientific American, June 2002 Astronomers are on the verge of explaining the bewildering variety of galaxies.


  10. Explaining the Latitudinal Distribution of Sunspots with Deep Meridional Flow, Science Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Sunspots, dark magnetic regions occurring at low latitudes on the Sun's surface, are tracers of the magnetic field generated by the dynamo mechanism. Recent solar dynamo models, which use the helioseismically determined solar rotation, indicate that sunspots should form at high latitudes, contrary to observations. We present a dynamo model with the correct latitudinal distribution of sunspots and demonstrate that this requires a meridional flow of material that penetrates deeper than hitherto believed, into the stable layers below the convection zone. Such a deep material flow may have important implications for turbulent convection and elemental abundance in the Sun and similar stars.


  11. Parallel Processing In High-Level Categorization Of Natural Images, Nature Neuroscience Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Models of visual processing often include an initial parallel stage that is restricted to relatively low-level features, whereas activation of higher-level object descriptions is generally assumed to require attention. Here we report that even high-level object representations can be accessed in parallel: in a rapid animal versus non-animal categorization task, both behavioral and electrophysiological data show that human subjects were as fast at responding to two simultaneously presented natural images as they were to a single one. The implication is that even complex natural images can be processed in parallel without the need for sequential focal attention.


  12. Dickerson's Formula: Biochemistry's Equivalent to Moore's Law, enVision Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Dickerson’s equation predicts that a combined total of 24,667 structures will be found by 2004. "We’re just starting to see an explosion of growth as the field of proteomics comes into its own," he said. "When I started out, it took years to solve a structure; now they’re solving a couple thousand per year."


    1. Biochemical Modeling Helps Explain Complex Neural Junction in Chicken Embryo, enVision Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: CSD neurobiologist Darwin K. Berg and his coworkers have achieved a groundbreaking molecular-level description of the functioning of a specialized synaptic junction in the ciliary ganglion of embryonic chicks by combining results from anatomical, neurochemical, microscopic, and computer modeling studies. (...) The ciliary ganglion is a small tangle of neurons that supplies nerve connections to the muscle controlling the pupil of the eye and to muscle in the eyeball.


  13. Redrawing the Brain's Map of the Body, Science Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: One of the more distinctive images taught in introductory biology or psychology courses is the motor homunculus: a deformed map of the body drawn on the primary motor cortex, a part of the brain that guides movements.(...)

    But new findings go even farther, suggesting that the role of the primary motor cortex might be fundamentally different than originally thought. Rather than simply controlling different parts of the body, it might direct a host of body parts to assume complex postures.



    1. Operant Reward Learning in Aplysia: Neuronal Correlates and Mechanisms, Science Bookmark and Share

      Abstract: Operant conditioning is a form of associative learning through which an animal learns about the consequences of its behavior. Here, we report an appetitive operant conditioning procedure in Aplysia that induces long-term memory. Biophysical changes that accompanied the memory were found in an identified neuron (cell B51) that is considered critical for the expression of behavior that was rewarded. Similar cellular changes in B51 were produced by contingent reinforcement of B51 with dopamine in a single-cell analog of the operant procedure. These findings allow for the detailed analysis of the cellular and molecular processes underlying operant conditioning.



  14. Chemical Weapons Trigger Civil War, Nature Science Update Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The six chemicals, four of which are new to science, are similar to those with which ants alert their nest-mates to trouble. One chemical attracts the ants to the wasp. When they touch it, they pick up the other chemicals that simultaneously repel them and send them into an aggressive frenzy. Avoiding the wasp, they lash out at the nearest thing - a fellow ant. The agitated ants release their own alarm chemicals, triggering more consternation and violence. In laboratory nests, the chaos lasts hours or even days.

     



  15. Ecology: Neutrality Versus The Niche, Nature Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The traditional explanation is that each species is adapted to exploit a unique niche - shady or sunny, wet or dry, and so on. But neutral theories assume that all organisms are equal, and consider only factors such as random dispersal, the birth and death of individuals and the total number of organisms in the community.

    (…) neutral simulations can produce ecosystems that look just like the real thing. (…)

    The debate isn't purely academic - our ideas of how biodiversity arises will influence how we attempt to conserve it.



  16. Efficiency of Scale-Free Networks: Error and Attack Tolerance, arXiv Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: The concept of network efficiency, recently proposed to characterize the properties of small-world networks, is here used to study the effects of errors and attacks on scale-free networks. Two different kinds of scale-free networks, i.e. networks with power law P(k), are considered: 1) scale-free networks with no local clustering produced by the Barabasi-Albert model and 2) scale-free networks with high clustering properties as in the model by Klemm and Eguiluz, and their properties are compared to the properties of random graphs (exponential graphs). By using as mathematical measures the global and the local efficiency we investigate the effects of errors and attacks both on the global and the local properties of the network. We show that the global efficiency is a better measure than the characteristic path length to describe the response of complex networks to external factors. We find that, at variance with random graphs, scale-free networks display, both on a global and on a local scale, a high degree of error tolerance and an extreme vulnerability to attacks. In fact, the global and the local efficiency are unaffected by the failure of some randomly chosen nodes, though they are extremely sensititive to the removal of the few nodes which play a crucial role in maintaining the network's connectivity.


    1. Epidemic Threshold in Structured Scale-Free Networks, arXiv Bookmark and Share

      Abstract: We analyze the spreading of viruses in scale-free networks with high clustering and degree correlations, as found in the Internet graph. For the Suscetible-Infected-Susceptible model of epidemics the prevalence undergoes a phase transition at a finite threshold of the transmission probability. Comparing with the absence of a finite threshold in networks with purely random wiring, our result suggests that high clustering and degree correlations protect scale-free networks against the spreading of viruses. We introduce and verify a quantitative description of the epidemic threshold based on the connectivity of the neighborhoods of the hubs.



  17. Nuclear physics: Weighing Up Nuclear Masses, Nature Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: It is difficult to match theoretically calculated masses of atomic nuclei to their experimentally measured values. It seems that chaotic motion inside the nucleus may be the reason for this discrepancy.

    The atomic nucleus is central to many physical and astrophysical processes, including the nuclear processes that power the Sun and synthesize the elements. (…) Bohigas and Leboeuf1 suggest that chaotic motion in the nucleus could influence nuclear mass, and could ultimately limit how accurately nuclear masses can be calculated theoretically.



    1. Nuclear Masses: Evidence of Order-Chaos Coexistence, Phys. Rev. Lett. Bookmark and Share

      Abstract: Shell corrections are important in the determination of nuclear ground-state masses and shapes. Although general arguments favor a regular single-particle dynamics, symmetry breaking and the presence of chaotic layers cannot be excluded. The latter provide a natural framework that explains the observed differences between experimental and computed masses.



  18. Bose-Einstein Condensation: Making It With Molecules, Nature Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: (…) molecules are composite objects with complex internal structure, which raises a serious conceptual question about whether a stable molecular condensate could ever exist.

    (…) If such a condensate were made, it might reveal new molecular spectroscopy and collision physics, and could open the door to new applications in ultracold quantum chemistry, or even quantum computing1. Now, on page 529 of this issue, Donley et al.2 report an experiment that is tantalizingly close to demonstrating the creation of a molecular condensate.

     



  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Networks Bookmark and Share


    1. Rumsfeld Warns Al-Qaeda Could Exploit Indo-Pak Standoff, Hindustan Times Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: US Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld has said he believed India and Pakistan would take their own decisions to prevent war, but expressed the fear that Al-Qaeda could try to exploit the tense standoff between the nuclear-armed neighbours.


    2. Qaeda Said To Enter Pakistani Cities, International Herald Tribune Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: The Pakistani intelligence officials acknowledged that tensions with India had seriously impaired Pakistan's ability to station troops and operate patrols along the border with Afghanistan, where U.S. officials appear to have focused most of their concern. "We are very concerned about that region, but protecting the border with India must be our priority," one of the officials said.



    3. CIA Gave FBI Warning On Hijacker, Washington Post Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The CIA told the FBI in January 2000 that one of the Sept. 11 hijackers was attending a meeting of suspected terrorists in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, (…).

      The disclosure contradicts repeated assertions by senior FBI officials that bureau headquarters had no information about Khalid Almihdhar before Aug. 23, 2001, when the CIA issued an urgent cable that he and another hijacker, Nawaf Alhazmi, should be stopped at the U.S. border. Both were already in the country at the time.



    4. FBI Whistle-Blower Assails Bloated Bureaucracy, Washington Post, Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: While she commended most of FBI Director Robert S. Mueller III's plans to reorganize the agency, Rowley said she and many other agents remain concerned that too much power will be concentrated in Washington.

      "Six to nine levels [of bureaucracy] is really ridiculous," she said, referring to an organizational chart of the revamped FBI. (…)

      The classified correspondence contained her complaints that FBI headquarters officials put up "roadblocks" as Minneapolis agents frantically tried to secure the search warrant for Moussaoui's belongings.



  20. Links & Snippets Bookmark and Share


    1. Santa Fe Institute Working Papers Bookmark and Share

      1. Red Queen Dynamics of Protein Translation , David C. Krakauer and Vincent A. A. Jansen, SFI WP 02-05-025
      2. Noisy Clues to the Origin of Life , David C. Krakauer and Akira Sasaki, SFI WP 02-05-024
      3. Levels of Selection in Positive Strand Virus Dynamics , David C. Krakauer and Natalia L. Komarova, SFI WP 02-05-023
      4. Module Dynamics of GnRH Signal Transduction Networks , David C. Krakauer, Karen M. Page, and Stuart Sealfon, SFI WP 02-05-022
      5. Evolutionary Principles of Genomic Compression , David C. Krakauer, SFI WP 02-05-021
        >
      6. The Spread of Epidemic Disease on Networks , M. E. J. Newman, SFI WP 02-04-020
      7. Scale-Free Networks from Optimal Design , Sergi Valverde, Ramon Ferrer Cancho, and Ricard V. Solé, SFI WP 02-04-019
      8. The Diffusion of Innovations in Social Networks , H. Peyton Young, SFI WP 02-04-018
      9. Coupled Replicator Equations for the Dynamics of Learning in Multiagent Systems , Yuzuru Sato and James P. Crutchfield, SFI WP 02-04-017


    2. Other Publications Bookmark and Share

      1. Neurobiology: Model Hearing, George D. Pollak, Nature 417, 502 - 503 (2002); doi:10.1038/417502a, For the past 50 years a particular model of how animals locate the source of sounds has driven much of the research on auditory systems. It now seems, however, that this model might not apply to mammals.
      2. Spatial Audio, D Jones, Nature 417, 503 (2002); doi:10.1038/417503a
      3. Stabilization of Hydrodynamic Flows by Small Viscosity Variations . Rama Govindarajan, Victor S. L'vov and Itamar Procaccia, arXiv.
      4. Cell Motility: Sharks' Teeth And Dunes, Laura M. Machesky, Nature417, 494 - 497 (30 May 2002) DOI: 10.1038/417494a, In order to move, cells need to push out protrusions known as lamellipods.
      5. Complexity Results about Nash Equilibria . Vincent Conitzer, Tuomas Sandholm, arXiv.
      6. Complexity of Mechanism Design . Vincent Conitzer, Tuomas Sandholm, arXiv.
      7. How random are random nuclei? Shapes, triangles and kites . R. Bijker and A. Frank, arXiv.
      8. Transforming the World Wide Web into a Complexity-Based Semantic Network . M. Marko, M. A. Porter, A. Probst, C. Gershenson, A. Das, arXiv.
      9. Neural Net Model for Featured Word Extraction . A. Das, M. Marko, A. Probst, M. A. Porter, C. Gershenson, arXiv.
      10. A Study on the Relevance of Information in Discriminative and Non-Discriminative Media . Carlos Gershenson, Mason A. Porter, Andrej Probst, Matus Marko, Atin Das, arXiv.
      11. Ultra Small World in Scale-Free Networks . Reuven Cohen, Shlomo Havlin, arXiv.
      12. Correlated random networks . Johannes Berg, Michael Lässig , arXiv.
      13. Unusual Views Of The Sun, E. Rolfe, European Space Agency, Alphagalileo, Sunsation, 02/05/21
      14. Chance Breaks World Records, H. Pearson, Nature Science Update, June 4, 2002
      15. Biodegradable, Elastic Shape-Memory Polymers for Potential Biomedical Applications, Science 2002 296: 1673-1676
      16. Model for Intersegmental Coordination of Leech Swimming: Central and Sensory Mechanisms, Jianhua Cang, W. Otto Friesen, J. Neurophysiol. 2002 June 1; 87(6): p. 2760-2769
      17. Sleep, Feeding, And Neuropeptides: Roles Of Orexins And Orexin Receptors, M. Mieda & M. Yanagisawa, Current Opinion in Neurobiology,12:3, pp:339-345, June 2002
      18. Robo-Rat Or Ratbot?, R.  Jones, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Vol. 3, No 6, 414, June 2002
      19. Scientists Weigh Ingredients In Recipe Of The Universe, B. Lockwood ,Univ. of Cambridge, Alphagalileo, 23 May 2002
      20. A Note On Discretization Of Nonlinear Differential Equations, E. M. A. M. Mendes & S. A. Billings, Chaos, Vol. 12, Issue 1, pp. 66-71, March 2002
      21. Outside And In: Development Of Neuronal Excitability, N. C. Spitzer, P. A. Kingston, T.  J. Manning Jr & M. W. Conklin, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 12:3, pp:315-323, June 2002
      22. Spike Timing, Calcium Signals And Synaptic Plasticity, P. J.  Sjostrom & S.  B. Nelson, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 12:3, pp:305-314, June 2002
      23. Differential Task Effects On Semantic And Syntactic Processes As Revealed By ERPs, A. Hahne & A. D. Friederici, Cognitive Brain Research, Vol. 13, No 3, May 2002
      24. Superbugs Reveal Chink In Armor, Jonathan Knight, Nature, 417, 477 (30 May 2002) DOI: 10.1038/417477b, Most antibiotic-resistant lung infections are caused by a handful of of bacterial strains...
      25. Clouds Lift For Turbulence-Detector Initiative, Rex Dalton, Nature417, 476 (30 May 2002) DOI: 10.1038/417476a, Unexpected turbulence causes hundreds of injuries every year on commercial flights and has resulted in the deaths of at least three people.

         



    3. Webcast Announcements Bookmark and Share

      1. Understanding Complex Systems: Symposium Complexity in Physical and Biological Structures, Medicine & Ecology, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 02/05/13-15
      2. ROBOT: The Future of Flesh and Machine, Rodney A. Brooks, MIT AI Lab, Talk given at the School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences of the University of Sussex, May 14th, 2002.
      3. The Body is a Machine, the World is a System: The Convergence of Engineering and the Life Sciences, Cornell Society of Engineers Conference, 02/04/11-13
      4. Powell Voices Support for Scientific Contributions to U.S. Foreign Policy, 139th Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 02/04/30
      5. Invisible Advantage Webcast, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02/05/15, Jon Low, Center for Business Innovation Senior Research Fellow, will preview his new book, Invisible Advantage
      6. Introducing Complexity, The University of Liverpool ,02/04/24, (mp3 web-cast and audio download, contributed by Carlos Gershenson)
      7. Symmetry in Science and Art - Symmetry in Chaos, (In German), O.E. Roessler, 01/12/17
      8. Dean LeBaron's Archive of Daily Video Commentary, Ongoing Since February 1998

       



    4. Conference Announcements Bookmark and Share

      1. International Conference SocioPhysics, ZIF - Bielefeld, Germany, 02/06/06-09
      2. International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS2002), Nashua, NH, 02/06/09-14
      3. Sitges Conference "Statistical Mechanics of Complex Networks", Sitges, Spain, 02/06/10-14
      4. 2nd International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL'02), Cambridge, Massachusetts USA, 02/06/12-15
      5. AES 22nd International Conference on Virtual, Synthetic And Entertainment Audio, Espoo, Finland, 02/06/15-17
      6. Complex Systems: Control and Modeling Problems, Samara, Russia, 02/06/17
      7. 3rd European Interdisciplinary School on Nonlinear Dynamics for System and Signal Analysis EUROATTRACTOR2002, Warsaw, 02/06/18-27
      8. International Conference: Emergence in Chemical Systems, University of Alaska Anchorage, 02/06/20-23
      9. Plexus Conference - Diffusing Innovations: Learning With Everett Rogers & Each Other, Borgess Navigation Center Kalamazoo, Michigan USA , 02/06/21-22
      10. Let's Face Chaos Through Nonlinear Dynamics, Maribor, Slovenia, 02/06/30 - 07/14
      11. 7th International Conference on Music Perception & Cognition - ICMPC7, Sydney, 02/07/17-21
      12. 20th System Dynamics Conference: Organizational Change Dynamics - Understanding Systems, Managing Transformation, Palermo, Italy, 02/07/28-08/01
      13. Complexity and Philosophy, Norwood, Massachusetts, USA, 02/07/29-30
      14. Workshop On Fluctuations Chaos And Complexity In Multistable Systems, Lancaster University, 02/08/01-07
      15. 12th Ann Intl Conf Society For Chaos Theory in Psychology & Life Sciences: Chaos and Complexity in a Changing World, Portland, OR, USA, 02/08/01-04
      16. International Workshop on Meta-Synthesis and Complex Systems, Shanghai, China, 02/08/07-08
      17. Econophysics Conference, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, 02/08/29-31
      18. Self-Organisation and Evolution of Social Behaviour, Monte Verità, Switzerland, 02/09/08-13
      19. Complex Systems (CS02) Complexity with Agent-Based Modeling, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan, 02/09/10-12
      20. 3rd Intl NAISO Symposium on Engineering Of Intelligent Systems (EIS 20020), Malaga, Spain, 02/09/24-27
      21. Seminar on Non-equilibrium Phenomena and Phase Transitions in Complex Systems, Avila, Spain, 02/09/24-28.
      22. ACRI 2002, 5th Intl Conf on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry, Geneva, Switzerland, 02/10/09-11 
      23. Dynamical Systems Methods for Advanced Diagnosis and Prognosis, 39th Annual Technical Meeting of the Society of Engineering Science, University Park, Pennsylvania, 02/10/13-16
      24. 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Simulated Evolution And Learning (SEAL'02), 9th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP'02), International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD'02), Singapore, 02/11/18-22
      25. Managing the Complex IV, Naples , FL, Early December 2002
      26. Artificial Life VIII, UNSW, Sydney, Australia, 02/12/09-13
      27. Hawaii International Conference On System Sciences (HICSS-36), Big Island, Hawaii, 03/01/06-09
      28. 21st ICDE World Conference on Open Learning and Distance Education, Hong Kong, 03/06/01-05