Complexity Digest 2006.27

   Jul-03-2006

Web Cast : 6th Intl Conf on Complex Systems (ICCS)

Boston, MA, 06/06/25-30, hosted by New England Complex Systems Institute and chaired by Yaneer Bar-Yam


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  1. The Internet Knows What You'll Do Next, NYTimes
  2. Skill Formation and the Economics of Investing in Disadvantaged Children, Science
    1. Would You Be Happier If You Were Richer? A Focusing Illusion, Science
  3. The Influence of a Sense of Time on Human Development, Science
    1. Detecting Prejudice In The Brain, ScienceDaily
    2. Research On Mysterious Music Phenomenon, Innovations-report
  4. Ecology: Climate Change and Crop Yields: Beyond Cassandra, Science
    1. Academy Affirms Hockey-Stick Graph, Nature
  5. Animal Behavior: Signs of Empathy Seen in Mice, Science
    1. Review. Cuckoos, Cowbirds And Hosts: Adaptations, Trade-Offs And Constraints, Phil. Tran. Biol. Sc.
  6. The Ant Odometer: Stepping on Stilts and Stumps, Science
    1. Ants 'Use an Internal Pedometer', BBC News
    2. Ecological Consequences of Traffic Organisation in Ant Societies, Physica A
  7. Man's Brain Rewired Itself After Crash Severed Nerve Connections, CNN
    1. Brain Can Be Made to Self-repair, News@Nature
    2. Neurodegenerative Disease: Pink, Parkin And The Brain, Nature
  8. Mature Sperm and Eggs Grown from Same Stem Cells, News@Nature
    1. Asymmetric And Symmetric Stem-Cell Divisions In Development And Cancer, Nature
  9. Generation Of Neuronal Variability And Complexity, Nature
    1. Crucial Immune Cells Derived From Stem Cells, NewScientist
  10. Cell Signaling: H2O2, a Necessary Evil for Cell Signaling, Science
    1. Killer Tomatoes Attack Human Diseases, NewScientist
  11. Sunshade To Look For Distant Life, BBC News
  12. Mother Nature's Design Workshop, Businessweek
  13. Toward Robots As Embodied Knowledge Media, IEICE Tran. Info. & Sys.
    1. I Robot, Your Companion, ScienceDaily
  14. Time Scales in Evolutionary Dynamics, arXiv
  15. Sight For 'Saur Eyes: T. Rex Vision Was Among Nature's Best, Sciencenews
  16. Legacies In Life Histories, Integr. & Compar. Biol.
  17. Identifying Systems' New Initial Conditions As Influence Points For The Future, Foresight
  18. Quantum Physics: Atomic Gas In Flatland, Nature
  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Network
    1. CIA Disbands Bin Laden Hunt Unit, China View
  20. Links & Snippets
    1. Other Publications
    2. Webcast Announcements
    3. Conference Announcements
    4. Call for Papers - Course/Book Announcements
  1. The Internet Knows What You'll Do Next, NYTimes Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The collective history of Web searches, (...), was "a place holder for the intentions of humankind ¡X a massive database of desires, needs, wants, and likes that can be discovered, subpoenaed, archived, tracked, and exploited to all sorts of ends." (...)

    It was a nice idea, but for most of us it was just an abstraction. (...) Yahoo sold more detailed information to advertisers who wanted to do a better job of selling their products online. But there was no way for most people to dig into the data themselves.

    • Source: The Internet Knows What You'll Do Next
      [ http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/05/business/05leonhardt.html ], NYTimes, 06/07/05

  2. Skill Formation and the Economics of Investing in Disadvantaged Children, Science Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: This paper summarizes evidence on the effects of early environments on child, adolescent, and adult achievement. Life cycle skill formation is a dynamic process in which early inputs strongly affect the productivity of later inputs.
    • Source: Skill Formation and the Economics of Investing in Disadvantaged Children
      [ http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/312/5782/1900 ], James J. Heckman, Science: 1900-1902, 06/06/30

    1. Would You Be Happier If You Were Richer? A Focusing Illusion, Science Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The belief that high income is associated with good mood is widespread but mostly illusory. People with above-average income are relatively satisfied with their lives but are barely happier than others in moment-to-moment experience, tend to be more tense, and do not spend more time in particularly enjoyable activities. Moreover, the effect of income on life satisfaction seems to be transient. We argue that people exaggerate the contribution of income to happiness because they focus, in part, on conventional achievements when evaluating their life or the lives of others.
      • Source: Would You Be Happier If You Were Richer? A Focusing Illusion
        [ http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/312/5782/1908 ], Daniel Kahneman, Alan B. Krueger, David Schkade, Norbert Schwarz, Arthur A. Stone, Science : 1908-1910, 06/06/30

  3. The Influence of a Sense of Time on Human Development, Science Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The subjective sense of future time plays an essential role in human motivation. Gradually, time left becomes a better predictor than chronological age for a range of cognitive, emotional, and motivational variables. Socioemotional selectivity theory maintains that constraints on time horizons shift motivational priorities in such a way that the regulation of emotional states becomes more important than other types of goals. This motivational shift occurs with age but also appears in other contexts (for example, geographical relocations, illnesses, and war) that limit subjective future time.
    • Source: The Influence of a Sense of Time on Human Development
      [ http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/312/5782/1913 ], Laura L. Carstensen, Science : 1913-1915, 06/06/30

    1. Detecting Prejudice In The Brain, ScienceDaily Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Three Florida teenagers recently pleaded not guilty to the brutal beatings and in one case, death, of homeless men. One of the beatings was caught on surveillance video and in a most chilling way illustrates how people can degrade socially outcast individuals, enough to engage in mockery, physical abuse, and even murder. According to new research, the brain processes social outsiders as less than human; brain imaging provides accurate depictions of this prejudice at an unconscious level. A new study (...) shows that when viewing photographs of social out-groups, people respond to them with disgust, not a feeling of fellow humanity. (...)
      • Source: Detecting Prejudice In The Brain
        [ http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/06/060630095921.htm ], ScienceDaily & Association for Psychological Science, 2006/06/30
      • Contributed by Atin Das - dasatinayahoo.co.in

    2. Research On Mysterious Music Phenomenon, Innovations-report Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: Mari Kimura is an acclaimed Japanese violinist who has the rare ability of producing strange sounds with her instrument. She doesn't know how this is possible, (...). She is one of the extremely few people who can produce controlled subharmonic tones on violin. (...) "Kimura makes a violin string vibrate in a totally new way. In physics we call this a driven and damped non-linear system, which we are particularly preoccupied with in our research. By understanding the way she plays the violin, we are contributing to understanding of similar processes in the nature", says (...).
      • Source: UiT Research On Mysterious Music Phenomenon
        [ http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/physics_astronomy/report-67077.html ], Innovations-report, 2006/06/29
      • Contributed by Atin Das - dasatinayahoo.co.in

  4. Ecology: Climate Change and Crop Yields: Beyond Cassandra, Science Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The effects of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations on climate have been a source of worry for decades, but the positive effect of increasing CO2 levels on crop growth has been a silver lining in the climate change cloud. Hundreds of studies, some dating back decades, have shown that most major food crops respond positively to increasing CO2 concentrations, because of the direct stimulatory effect of CO2 on photosynthesis and the indirect effect of decreasing the water requirements of crops. The former effect should make crops more productive and the latter more drought-tolerant. Yet a new analysis of recent and far more realistic studies based on the free-air concentration enrichment (FACE) technique, reported by Long et al. on page 1918 of this issue (1), sounds a cautionary note.
    • Source: ECOLOGY: Climate Change and Crop Yields: Beyond Cassandra
      [ http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/312/5782/1889 ], David Schimel, Science : 1889-1890, 06/06/30

    1. Academy Affirms Hockey-Stick Graph, Nature Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: It's probably the most politicized graph in science ¡X an icon of the case for climate change to some, and of flawed science in the service of that case to others ¡X and it has coloured the climate-change debate for nearly a decade. Now the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) has weighed in with a report on the 'hockey-stick' plot, which it hopes will finally lay the controversy to rest.

      The graph purports to chart global temperatures over the past millennium; a sharp rise at the current end is the 'blade' that makes the otherwise flattish line look like a hockey stick. Climate groups have claimed it as evidence of dangerous global warming; sceptics, especially in the United States and Canada, have questioned the study's merit and statistical methodology.

      • Source: Academy Affirms Hockey-Stick Graph
        [ http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7097/full/4411032a.html ], Geoff Brumfiel, DOI: 10.1038/4411032a, Nature 441, 1032-1033, 06/06/29

  5. Animal Behavior: Signs of Empathy Seen in Mice, Science Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Empathy is one of the nobler human attributes, which may explain why we're often reluctant to ascribe it to other animals. A debate has simmered for years about whether chimps display empathy, for example. Now on page 1967, scientists argue that even lowly mice have a rudimentary form of it.
    • Source: ANIMAL BEHAVIOR: Signs of Empathy Seen in Mice
      [ http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/312/5782/1860b ], Greg Miller, Science : 1860-1861, 06/06/30

    1. Review. Cuckoos, Cowbirds And Hosts: Adaptations, Trade-Offs And Constraints, Phil. Tran. Biol. Sc. Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: The interactions between brood parasitic birds and their host species provide one of the best model systems for coevolution. Despite being intensively studied, the parasite-host system provides ample opportunities to test new predictions from both coevolutionary theory as well as life-history theory in general. I identify four main areas that might be especially fruitful: cuckoo female gentes as alternative reproductive strategies, non-random and nonlinear risks of brood parasitism for host individuals, host parental quality and targeted brood parasitism, and differences and similarities between predation risk and parasitism risk. (...)
      • Source: Review. Cuckoos, Cowbirds And Hosts: Adaptations, Trade-Offs And Constraints
        [ http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/(e3gyegaq4a2ora55jph5dk45)/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,1,6;journal,1,124;linkingpublicationresults,1:102022,1 ], O. Krüger, DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2006.1849, Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 2006/06/23
      • Contributed by Atin Das - dasatinayahoo.co.in

  6. The Ant Odometer: Stepping on Stilts and Stumps, Science Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: An experiment in which their legs were shortened or lengthened shows that desert ants measure distance on foraging trips by counting their steps.
    • Source: The Ant Odometer: Stepping on Stilts and Stumps
      [ http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/312/5782/1965 ], Matthias Wittlinger, Rudiger Wehner, Harald Wolf, Science : 1965-1967, 06/06/30

    1. Ants 'Use an Internal Pedometer', BBC News Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt:
      The scientists elongated the ants' legs by attaching stilts made of pig bristles. This lengthened the ants' strides (Image: Science)
      Researchers knew foraging insects could navigate using light from the sky, but were puzzled by the animals' ability to gauge the length of ground covered. By manipulating the ants' leg lengths to give them longer and shorter strides, a Swiss/German team found the ants "counted" steps to judge distance. (...)
      • Source: Ants 'Use an Internal Pedometer'
        [ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5128604.stm ], Rebecca Morelle, BBC News, 2006/06/30

    2. Ecological Consequences of Traffic Organisation in Ant Societies, Physica A Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Many species of ants engage in social foraging in which traffic develops over pathways defined by pheromones or physical roads cleared through debris. (...) However, much less is known about the ecological costs and benefits of different kinds of traffic organization. The common assumption that maximum traffic flux provides maximum ecological benefit needs closer scrutiny. Ant traffic provides a potentially useful model system for experimental study of crowd panics, and for assessing the role of transport networks in creating scaling relationships between the size and activity rates of the entities they serve.
      • Source: Ecological Consequences of Traffic Organisation in Ant Societies
        [ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2006.05.004 ], Martin Burd, DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2006.05.004, Physica A, Article in Press, Corrected Proof, 2006/06/06

  7. Man's Brain Rewired Itself After Crash Severed Nerve Connections, CNN Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Doctors have their first proof that a man who was barely conscious for nearly 20 years regained speech and movement because his brain spontaneously rewired itself by growing tiny new nerve connections to replace the ones sheared apart in a car crash. (...)

    Wallis has complete amnesia about the two decades he spent barely conscious, but remembers his life before the injury.

    "He still thinks Ronald Reagan is president," his father, Jerry, said in a statement, adding that until recently his son insisted he was 20 years old.

    • Source: Man's Brain Rewired Itself After Crash Severed Nerve Connections
      [ http://edition.cnn.com/2006/HEALTH/07/03/brain.recovery.ap/ ], CNN, 06/07/04

    1. Brain Can Be Made to Self-repair, News@Nature Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: Stimulating a protein on the surface of the brain's stem cells helps rats recover after a stroke, US researchers have found. The discovery suggests that in humans it could be possible to provoke the body's own stem cells into repairing an injury, rather than laboriously growing and transplanting new cells. (...)
      • Source: Brain Can Be Made to Self-repair
        [ http://www.nature.com/news/2006/060619/pf/060619-14_pf.html ], Helen Pearson, DOI: 10.1038/news060619-14, News@Nature, 2006/06/25

    2. Neurodegenerative Disease: Pink, Parkin And The Brain, Nature Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Dysfunctions in a number of cellular pathways can cause Parkinson's disease. Fruitflies with mutations in a protein called PINK1 show that there might be some unsuspected interplay between two such pathways. Parkinson's disease was first described1 in 1817, but our understanding of what causes the neurodegeneration that underlies its devastating symptoms is still rudimentary. Such poor understanding hinders the development of therapies, which currently don't seem to modify disease progression, even if they can mitigate for a time some of the movement difficulties that characterize this condition.
      • Source: Neurodegenerative Disease: Pink, Parkin And The Brain
        [ http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7097/full/4411058a.html ], Leo Pallanck, J. Timothy Greenamyre, DOI: 10.1038/4411058a, Nature 441, 1058, 06/06/29

  8. Mature Sperm and Eggs Grown from Same Stem Cells, News@Nature Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Stem cells from a mouse embryo have been coaxed into producing both eggs and sperm in the same dish. The eggs and sperm are the most mature yet grown in the lab, and the advance brings researchers closer to their ultimate aim: producing human eggs and sperm from adult body cells so that infertile men and women can have their own children.
    Applying the technique to humans would be controversial, not least because it raises the possibility that men might be able to produce eggs, and women sperm. But researchers point out that any human application would be decades away, which would allow time for ethical debate over the technology. (...)
    • Source: Mature Sperm and Eggs Grown from Same Stem Cells
      [ http://www.nature.com/news/2006/060619/pf/060619-13_pf.html ], Jo Marchant, DOI: 10.1038/news060619-13, News@Nature, 2006/06/23

    1. Asymmetric And Symmetric Stem-Cell Divisions In Development And Cancer, Nature Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Much has been made of the idea that asymmetric cell division is a defining characteristic of stem cells that enables them to simultaneously perpetuate themselves (self-renew) and generate differentiated progeny. Yet many stem cells can divide symmetrically, particularly when they are expanding in number during development or after injury. Thus, asymmetric division is not necessary for stem-cell identity but rather is a tool that stem cells can use to maintain appropriate numbers of progeny. The facultative use of symmetric or asymmetric divisions by stem cells may be a key adaptation that is crucial for adult regenerative capacity.
      • Source: Asymmetric And Symmetric Stem-Cell Divisions In Development And Cancer
        [ http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7097/full/nature04956.html ], Sean J. Morrison, Judith Kimble, DOI: 10.1038/nature04956, Nature 441, 1068-1074, 06/06/29

  9. Generation Of Neuronal Variability And Complexity, Nature Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The production of specialized differentiated neurons derived from stem cells has been proposed as a revolutionary technology for regenerative medicine. However, few examples of specific neuronal cell differentiation have been described so far. Although stem-cell tissue replacement might be seemingly straightforward in other cases, the high degree of complexity of the nervous system raises the challenge of tissue replacement substantially. Understanding mechanisms of neuronal diversification will not only be relevant for therapeutic purposes but might also shed light on the differences in cognitive abilities, personality traits and psychiatric conditions observed in humans.
    • Source: Generation Of Neuronal Variability And Complexity
      [ http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7097/full/nature04959.html ], Alysson R. Muotri, Fred H. Gage, DOI: 10.1038/nature04959, Nature 441, 1087-1093, 06/06/29

    1. Crucial Immune Cells Derived From Stem Cells, NewScientist Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: For the first time human embryonic stem cells have been coaxed into becoming T-cells, suggesting new ways to fight immune disorders including AIDS and the ¡§bubble boy¡¨ disease, X-SCID.

      Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are an attractive source of human T-cells for research and therapy because ESCs can be genetically manipulated with relative ease and can be grown in large quantities. (...)

      The technique opens many possibilities. For genetic diseases, like X-SCID - (...) - ESCs derived from the patient could be given a functional version of the defective T-cell gene.

      • Source: Crucial Immune Cells Derived From Stem Cells
        [ http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9481?DCMP=NLC-nletter&nsref=dn9481 ], Phil Cohen, NewScientist, 06/07/04

  10. Cell Signaling: H2O2, a Necessary Evil for Cell Signaling, Science Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: For many years, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was viewed as the inevitable but unwanted by-product of an aerobic existence. Given the damage inflicted by H2O2, it was assumed that the faster the elimination of this toxic waste, the better for the cell. However, as highlighted in recent forums (1, 2), we now know that mammalian cells produce H2O2 to mediate diverse physiological responses such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration (3, 4). This has led to implications of cellular "redox" signaling in regulating normal processes and disease progression, including angiogenesis, oxidative stress and aging, and cancer. This changing view of H2O2 has partly evolved from a clearer understanding of redox chemistry as it affects biology--that is, cellular signaling that is linked to reductive-oxidative-based mechanisms. As the components and mechanisms involved in performing cellular redox chemistry become better defined, new areas of research are emerging as to how the cells spatially and temporally channel H2O2 into specific signaling pathways to achieve desired cellular outcomes.
    • Source: CELL SIGNALING: H2O2, a Necessary Evil for Cell Signaling
      [ http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/312/5782/1882 ], Sue Goo Rhee, Science: 1882-1883, 06/06/30

    1. Killer Tomatoes Attack Human Diseases, NewScientist Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: Genetically modified tomatoes containing edible vaccine are to be used to challenge two of the world's most lethal viruses.

      The aim is to create affordable vaccines for HIV and the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that could be easily grown and processed in the countries where they are most needed. So far, none of the 90 or so potential vaccines against HIV have proved successful and, though a vaccine already exists for HBV, it is too expensive to be used by poorer countries.

      • Source: Killer Tomatoes Attack Human Diseases
        [ http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg19125584.600 ], NewScientist.com, 06/06/29

  11. Sunshade To Look For Distant Life, BBC News Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts:
    The star shade would orbit a million miles from Earth
    A huge sunshade a million miles from Earth could help astronomers search for signs of life on planets orbiting distant stars, a study says.

    The daisy-shaped "occulter", as it is known, would use a powerful telescope trailing thousands of miles behind.

    The shade, (..), would stop light from the planet's star swamping the telescope. (...)

    He believes an occulter could be in space within seven years "stalking" Hubble's successor, the James Webb Space Telescope, scheduled for launch in 2013.

    • Source: Sunshade To Look For Distant Life
      [ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5151610.stm ], BBC News, 06/07/05

  12. Mother Nature's Design Workshop, Businessweek Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: How do scientists find the inspiration for the latest in surveillance and defense technologies? Often by looking long and hard at insects and other small creatures

    Scientists looking to develop new methods of defense and surveillance often study the characteristics of houseflies, bees, dragonflies, and other small creatures. (...)

    The tried-and-true designs of many insects are the product of millions of years of evolution. Even so, they are not perfect models. Natural selection isn't just a matter of physiological perfection, but how an organism's traits suit it for a particular environment, (...).

    • Source: Mother Nature's Design Workshop
      [ http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jun2006/tc20060627_504809.htm?campaign_id=bier_tcj ], Carlos Bergfeld, Businessweek, 06/06/27

  13. Toward Robots As Embodied Knowledge Media, IEICE Tran. Info. & Sys. Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: We describe attempts to have robots behave as embodied knowledge media that will permit knowledge to be communicated through embodied interactions in the real world. The key issue here is to give robots the ability to associate interactions with information content while interacting with a communication partner. Toward this end, we present two contributions in this paper. The first concerns the formation and maintenance of joint intention, which is needed to sustain the communication of knowledge between humans and robots. (...)
    • Source: Toward Robots As Embodied Knowledge Media
      [ http://ietisy.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/E89-D/6/1768 ], T. Nishida, K. Terada, T. Tajima, M. Hatakeyama, Y. Ogasawara, Y. Sumi, Y. Xu, Y. F. O. Mohammad, K. Tarasenko, T. Ohya, T. Hiramatsu, DOI: 10.1093/ietisy/e89-d.6.1768, IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, Jun. 2006
    • Contributed by Pritha Das - prithadas01ayahoo.com

    1. I Robot, Your Companion, ScienceDaily Bookmark and Share

      Excerpt: Robotic technology is advancing apace and now a top team of European scientists and engineers hope to make the leap from single function 'dumb' machines to adaptive learning machines. The concept of a cognitive robotic companion inspires some of the best science fiction but one day may be science fact following the work of the four-year COGNIRON project (...). But what could a cognitive robot companion do? "Well, that's a difficult question. The example that's often used is a robot that's able to fulfil your needs, like passing you a drink or helping in everyday tasks," says (...)
      • Source: I Robot, Your Companion
        [ http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/06/060629121614.htm ], ScienceDaily & IST Results, 2006/06/02
      • Contributed by Atin Das - dasatinayahoo.co.in

  14. Time Scales in Evolutionary Dynamics, arXiv Bookmark and Share

    Abstract: Evolutionary game theory has traditionally assumed that all individuals in a population interact with each other between reproduction events. We show that eliminating this restriction by explicitly considering the time scales of interaction and selection leads to dramatic changes in the outcome of evolution. Examples include the selection of the inefficient strategy in the Harmony and Stag-Hunt games, and the disappearance of the coexistence state in the Snowdrift game. Our results hold for any population size and in the presence of a background of fitness.
    • Source: Time Scales in Evolutionary Dynamics
      [ http://arXiv.org/abs/q-bio.PE/0606033 ], Carlos P. Roca, Jose A. Cuesta, Angel Sanchez, DOI: q-bio.PE/0606033, arXiv, 2005/06/23

  15. Sight For 'Saur Eyes: T. Rex Vision Was Among Nature's Best, Sciencenews Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts:
    INSIGHT. Tyrannosaurus rex's cheek grooves (below the eye sockets) and narrow snout cleared its sight lines, giving it impressive vision, according to a new study. Stevens
    In the 1993 movie Jurassic Park, one human character tells another that a Tyrannosaurus rex can't see them if they don't move, even though the beast is right in front of them. Now, a scientist reports that T. rex had some of the best vision in animal history. This sensory prowess strengthens arguments for T. rex's role as predator instead of scavenger.
    • Source: Sight For 'Saur Eyes: T. Rex Vision Was Among Nature's Best
      [ http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20060701/fob2.asp ], Eric Jaffe, sciencenews, 06/07/01
    • AUDIO - Audible Format
      [ http://www.audible.com/sciencenews/ ]

  16. Legacies In Life Histories, Integr. & Compar. Biol. Bookmark and Share

    Excerpt: Complex life-histories are common in nature, have many important biological consequences, and are an important focal area for integrative biology. For organisms with complex life-histories, a legacy is something handed down from an ancestor or previous stage, and can be genetic, nutritional/provisional, experiential, as well as the result of random chance and natural variation in the environment. As we learn more about complex life-histories, it becomes clear that legacies are inexorably linked in the short- and long-term through ecology and evolution. (...)
    • Source: Legacies In Life Histories
      [ http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/46/3/217 ], D. K. Padilla - padillaalife.bio.sunysb.edu, B. G. Miner, DOI: 10.1093/icb/icj029, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Jun. 2006, online 2006/03/31
    • Contributed by Pritha Das - prithadas01ayahoo.com

  17. Identifying Systems' New Initial Conditions As Influence Points For The Future, Foresight Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: Abstract: Purpose - The purpose of this research paper is to review and contrast traditional foresight methods through the lens of one of the key insights about complex adaptive systems - namely, a system's sensitive dependence on initial conditions.

    Design/methodology/approach - Foresight methods have often been criticized about their linear way of looking at the future. Insights from complex adaptive systems research, however, provide a new theory-driven approach for developing real foresight methods as opposed to traditional forecasting methods based primarily on linear extrapolation. (...)

    • Source: Identifying Systems' New Initial Conditions As Influence Points For The Future
      [ http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=Article&contentId=1558553 ], Mika Aaltonen, T. Irene Sanders, DOI: 10.1108/14636680610668054, Foresight, Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Page: 28 - 35, 06/07/06

  18. Quantum Physics: Atomic Gas In Flatland, Nature Bookmark and Share

    Excerpts: The observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in an atomic gas was a seminal result. Two-dimensional gases are more complex, and an intriguing interference experiment has exposed a different superfluid transition. Atomic quantum gases are unique systems for investigating elementary concepts in many-particle physics. The most prominent example is Bose-Einstein condensation ¡X the formation of a gaseous superfluid through the collapse of an ensemble of atoms into a single quantum state ¡X which was first observed in an ultracold gas of rubidium atoms1.
    • Source: Quantum Physics: Atomic Gas In Flatland
      [ http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7097/full/4411053a.html ], Tilman Esslinger, Gianni Blatter, DOI: 10.1038/4411053a, Nature 441, 1053-1054, 06/06/29

  19. Complex Challenges: Global Terrorist Network Bookmark and Share


    1. CIA Disbands Bin Laden Hunt Unit, China View Bookmark and Share

      Excerpts: The CIA has disbanded a unit set up to hunt for Osama bin Laden and reassigned its agents in what intelligence officials described as a recognition of the changing nature of al-Qaida, a U.S. intelligence official said on Tuesday.

      The bin Laden unit, codenamed Alec Station, became less valuable as the movement's focus shifted more to regional networks of militants, said the official who spoke on condition of anonymity.

      Alec Station was established in 1996 after bin Laden's initial calls for global jihad, and employed about two dozen people.

      • Source: CIA Disbands Bin Laden Hunt Unit
        [ http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-07/04/content_4794847.htm www.chinaview.cn ], China View, 06/07/05

  20. Links & Snippets Bookmark and Share


    1. Other Publications Bookmark and Share

      1. Why Are Diploid Genomes Widespread and Dominant Mutations Rare?, Diana Garncarz, Stanislaw Cebrat, Dietrich Stauffer, Klaus Blindert, 2005/06/23, arXiv, DOI: q-bio.PE/0606034
      2. Magnetic Iron Compounds In The Human Brain: A Comparison Of Tumour And Hippocampal Tissue, F. Brem, A. M. Hirt, M. Winklhofer, K. Frei, Y. Yonekawa, H.-G. Wieser, J. Dobson, 2006/06/14, The Royal Society Interface, DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2006.0133
      3. Kin Discrimination And Altruism In The Larvae Of A Solitary Insect, A. Lizé, D. Carval, A. M. Cortesero, S. Fournet, D. Poinsot, 2006/06/26, Proceedings: Biological Sciences, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2006.3598
      4. Boffin Sets Sights On Password-Protected Guns: German Inventor Patents Firearm 'Safety Feature', C. James, 2006/06/28, vnunet.com
      5. A Car's Middle Back Seat May Be Least Desirable, But It's The Safest, 2006/06/29, Innovations-report
      6. New Model To Assess World Trade Center Fallout, 2006/06/29, ScienceDaily & Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey
      7. Drivers On Cell Phones Are As Bad As Drunks, 2006/06/30, Innovations-report
      8. War Against Mosquitoes, Episode Two, 2006/06/30, Innovations-report
      9. Brain Surgery Without The Surgery?, 2006/07/03, ScienceDaily & University Of Michigan Health System
      10. Development Of Regular Cellular Spacing In The Retina: Theoretical Models, S. J. Eglen - s.j.eglenadamtp.cam.ac.uk, Jun. 2006, online 2006/03/01, Mathematical Medicine and Biology, DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dql003
      11. God, Fine-Tuning, And The Problem Of Old Evidence, B. Monton - bmontonauky.edu, Jun. 2006, online 2006/05/16, The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, DOI: 10.1093/bjps/axl008

    2. Webcast Announcements Bookmark and Share

      1. Artificial Life X, 10th Intl Conf on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems, Bloomington, IN, USA. 2006/06/03-07
      2. 6th Understanding Complex Systems Symposium, Urbana-Champaign, Il, 06/05/15-18
      3. Ralph Abraham on Complexity Digest, , Calcutta, India, 05/12/27
      4. An Afternoon with Michael Crichton, Washington, 05/11/06
      5. Illuminating the Shadow of the Future, Ann Arbor, Mi 05/09/23-25
      6. Open Network of Centres of Excellence in Complex Systems - Brainstorming Meeting, Paris, France 05/09/19-23
      7. Complexity, Science & Society Conference 2005, U. Liverpool, UK 2005/09/11-14
      8. ECAL 2005 - VIIIth European Conference on Artificial Life, Canterbury, Kent, UK 2005/09/5-9
      9. T. Irene Sanders, Executive Director and Founder, The Washington Center for Complexity & Public Policy, 05/08/27, QuickTime video (10:38 min), Podcast
      10. North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity 2005 Conference, Virtual Conference Network, St. Pete's Beach, Florida, 05/06/09-11
      11. Understanding Complex Systems - Computational Complexity and Bioinformatics, Virtual Conference Network, Urbana-Champaign, Il, UIUC, 05/05/16-19
      12. Nonlinearity, Fluctuations, and Complexity, with a celebration of the 65th birthday of Gregoire Nicolis. , Complexity Session, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, 05/03/16
      13. World Economic Forum , Davos, Switzerland, 05/01/26-30
      14. 1st European Conference on Complex Systems, Torino, Italy, 04/12/5-7
      15. From Autopoiesis to Neurophenomenology: A Tribute to Francisco Varela (1946-2001), Paris, France, 2004/06/18-20
      16. Evolutionary Epistemology, Language, and Culture, Brussels, Belgium, 04/05/26-28
      17. International Conference on Complex Systems 2004, Boston, 04/05/16-21
      18. Nonlinear Dynamics And Chaos: Lab Demonstrations, Strogatz, Steven H., Internet-First University Press, 1994
      19. CERN Webcast Service, Streamed videos of Archived Lectures and Live Events
      20. Dean LeBaron's Archive of Daily Video Commentary, Ongoing Since February 1998
      21. Edge Videos


    3. Conference Announcements Bookmark and Share

      1. 11th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Lausanne, Switzerland, 06/07/05-08
      2. 2006 Genetic And Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2006), Seattle, Washington, USA, 06/07/08-12
      3. Intl Soc for the Systems Sciences 50th Ann Conf - Complexity, Democracy & Sustainability, Sonoma, California, 06/07/09-14
      4. 50th Anniversary Summit of AI, Monte Verita, Switzerland, 06/07/09-14
      5. pan-TTCP Symposium on Complex Adaptive Systems for Defence, Stamford Grand Adelaide, South Australia, 06/07/17-21
      6. The 1st Intl Conf on Knowledge Communication and Peer Reviewing: KCPR 2006 , Orlando, Florida USA, 06/07/20-23
      7. Toward Social Mechanisms of Android Science, An ICCS Symposium co-located at CogSci 2006, Vancouver , Canada, 06/07/26
      8. 5th World Congress of Biomechanics, Munich, Germany, 06/07/29-08/04
      9. 2006 SCS International Conference on Modeling and Simulation - Methodology, Tools, Software Applications (M&S-MTSA'06) , Calgary, Canada, 06/07/31-08/02
      10. Potentials of Complexity Science for Business, Governments, and the Media 2006 Budapest, 06/08/03-05
      11. FIAS Summer School - Theoretical Neuroscience & Complex Systems, Frankfurt/Main, Germany, 06/08/05-27
      12. 2006 Intl Conf on Nonlinear Science and Complexity, Beijing, China, 06/08/07-12
      13. Symmetry Festival 2006, Symmetry in Art and Science Education, Budapest, Hungary, 06/08/12-18
      14. 6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Marina Del Rey, Ca, U.S.A., 06/08/21-23
      15. World Conference on Social Simulation (WCSS-06) , Kyoto, Japan, 06/08/21-25
      16. Nonlinear Dynamical Methods and Time Series Analysis, Udine, Italy, 06/08/30-09/01
      17. Workshop on New Directions in Complex Systems, Istanbul, Turkey, 06/09/03-09
      18. Intl Conf on Parallel Problem Solving From Nature (PPSN), Reykjavik, Iceland, 06/09/09-13
      19. The World Knowledge Dialogue Symposium 2006, Crans-Montana, Switzerland, 06/09/14-16
      20. 7th Intl Symposium on Knowledge and Systems Sciences (KSS'2006), Beijing, 06/09/22-25.
      21. European Conference on Complex Systems 2006 (ECCS'06), Oxford, England, 06/09/25-29
      22. FROM ANIMALS TO ANIMATS 9, The Ninth Intl Conf on the SIMULATION OF ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR (SAB'06), Roma, Italy, 06/09/25-30
      23. 13th Herbstakademie COGNITION AND EMBODIMENT, Monte Verità, Switzerland, 06/10/05-08
      24. 6th Intl Conf on Simulated Evolution and Learning , Hefei, China, 06/10/15-18
      25. 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM Intl Workshop on Interaction between Agents and Data Mining (IADM-06), Hongkong, China, 06/12/18
      26. Logic, Computability and Randomness 2007 , Buenos Aires, Argentina, 07/01/10-13
      27. 3rd International Workshop on Complexity and Philisophy, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 07/02/22-23
      28. Complexity and Organizational Resilience The Village, Pohnpei, Micronesia, 07/05
      29. 2nd Intl Conf on Built Environment Complexity - Embracing complexity thinking in built environments, Cape Town South Africa, 07/05/21-25
      30. Summer School In Complexity Science, London, UK, 07/07/08-17


    4. Call for Papers - Course/Book Announcements Bookmark and Share

      1. Chaos and Complexity Resources for Students and Teachers, 06/03/01
      2. MSc Complexity Science: Systems Thinking from New Biology to Novel Computation, Southampton, UK
      3. Volume Four Complexity and Knowledge Management: Understanding the Role of Knowledge in the Management of Social Networks, ISCE Managing the Complex Book Series
      4. New Issue of Emergence: Complexity & Organization (E:CO) Special Issue on Leadership and Complexity Deadline, 06/06/01.