@inbook {GershensonHeylighen2004,
	title = {Protocol Requirements for Self-Organizing Artifacts: Towards an Ambient Intelligence},
	booktitle = {Unifying Themes in Complex Systems},
	volume = {V},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Also VUB AI-Lab Memo 04-04},
	pages = {136-143},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Berlin Heidelberg},
	abstract = {We discuss which properties common-use artifacts should have to collaborate without human intervention. We conceive how devices, such as mobile phones, PDAs, and home appliances, could be seamlessly integrated to provide an "ambient intelligence" that responds to the users desires without requiring explicit programming or commands. While the hardware and software technology to build such systems already exists, yet there is no protocol to direct and give meaning to their interactions. We propose the first steps in the development of such a protocol, which would need to be adaptive, extensible, and open to the community, while promoting self-organization. We argue that devices, interacting through "game-like" moves, can learn to agree about how to communicate, with whom to cooperate, and how to delegate and coordinate specialized tasks. Like this, they may evolve distributed cognition or collective intelligence able to tackle any complex of tasks.},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-17635-7_17},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/nlin.AO/0404004},
	author = {Carlos Gershenson and Francis Heylighen},
	editor = {Minai, Ali and Braha, Dan and Yaneer {Bar-Yam}}
}
@inbook {HeylighenEtAl2007,
	title = {Complexity and Philosophy},
	booktitle = {Complexity, Science and Society},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {117-134},
	publisher = {Radcliffe Publishing},
	organization = {Radcliffe Publishing},
	address = {Oxford},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.CC/0604072},
	author = {Francis Heylighen and Paul Cilliers and Carlos Gershenson},
	editor = {Jan Bogg and Robert Geyer}
}
@inbook {GershensonHeylighen2005,
	title = {How Can We Think the Complex?},
	booktitle = {Managing Organizational Complexity: Philosophy, Theory and Application},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {47{\textendash}61},
	publisher = {Information Age Publishing},
	organization = {Information Age Publishing},
	chapter = {3},
	abstract = {This chapter does not deal with specific tools and techniques for managing complex systems, but proposes some basic concepts that help us to think and speak about complexity. We review classical thinking and its intrinsic drawbacks when dealing with complexity. We then show how complexity forces us to build models with indeterminacy and unpredictability. However, we can still deal with the problems created in this way by being adaptive, and profiting from a complex system{\textquoteright}s capability for selforganization, and the distributed intelligence this may produce.},
	url = {http://uk.arxiv.org/abs/nlin.AO/0402023},
	author = {Carlos Gershenson and Francis Heylighen},
	editor = {Kurt Richardson}
}
@article {HeylighenGershenson2003,
	title = {The Meaning of Self-Organization in Computing},
	journal = {IEEE Intelligent Systems},
	year = {2003},
	month = {July/August},
	pages = {72{\textendash}75},
	url = {http://pcp.vub.ac.be/Papers/IEEE.Self-organization.pdf},
	author = {Francis Heylighen and Carlos Gershenson}
}
@conference {GershensonHeylighen2003a,
	title = {When Can We Call a System Self-Organizing?},
	booktitle = {Advances in Artificial Life, 7th European Conference, {ECAL} 2003 {LNAI} 2801},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {606{\textendash}614},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Berlin},
	abstract = {We do not attempt to provide yet another definition of self-organizing systems, nor review previous definitions. We explore the conditions necessary to describe self-organizing systems, inspired on decades of their study, in order to understand them better. These involve the dynamics of the system, and the purpose, boundaries, and description level chosen by an observer. We show how, changing the level or {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}graining{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} of description, the same system can be self-organizing or not. We also discuss common problems we face when studying self-organizing systems. We analyse when building, designing, and controlling artificial self-organizing systems is useful. We state that self-organization is a way of observing systems, not a class of systems.},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/nlin.AO/0303020},
	author = {Carlos Gershenson and Francis Heylighen},
	editor = {Banzhaf, W and T. Christaller and P. Dittrich and J. T. Kim and J. Ziegler}
}
