01617nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245006100055210006000116300001000176490000600186520088300192653001801075653001501093653002401108653001501132100002001147700003001167700002301197700002601220700002201246700002701268700002901295856003901324       2020                        eng d  a2167-835900aEcosystem antifragility: beyond integrity and resilience0 aEcosystem antifragility beyond integrity and resilience  ae85330 v83 aWe review the concept of ecosystem resilience in its relation to ecosystem integrity from an information theory approach. We summarize the literature on the subject identifying three main narratives: ecosystem properties that enable them to be more resilient; ecosystem response to perturbations; and complexity. We also include original ideas with theoretical and quantitative developments with application examples. The main contribution is a new way to rethink resilience, that is mathematically formal and easy to evaluate heuristically in real-world applications: ecosystem antifragility. An ecosystem is antifragile if it benefits from environmental variability. Antifragility therefore goes beyond robustness or resilience because while resilient/robust systems are merely perturbation-resistant, antifragile structures not only withstand stress but also benefit from it.10aAntifragility10aComplexity10aEcosystem integrity10aResilience1 aEquihua, Miguel1 aAldama, Mariana, Espinosa1 aGershenson, Carlos1 aLópez-Corona, Oliver1 aMunguía, Mariana1 aPérez-Maqueo, Octavio1 aRamírez-Carrillo, Elvia  uhttps://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.853302275nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245008100055210006900136520174800205100002501953700002601978700002302004700002302027700002002050856004702070       2019                        eng d  a1868-514500aA robustness approach to the distributed management of traffic intersections0 arobustness approach to the distributed management of traffic int3 aNowadays, the development of autonomous vehicles has emerged as an approach to considerably improve the traffic management in urban zones. Thanks to automation in vehicles as well as in other sectors, the probability of errors, typically due to repetitive tasks, has been drastically reduced. Therefore, technological aids in current driving systems are aimed to avoid or reduce human errors like imprudences or distractions. According to this, it is possible to tackle complex scenarios such as the automation of the vehicles traffic at intersections, as this is one of the points with the highest probability of accidents. In this sense, the coordination of autonomous vehicles at intersections is a trending topic. In the last few years, several approaches have been proposed using centralized solutions. However, centralized systems for traffic coordination have a limited fault-tolerance. This paper proposes a distributed coordination management system for intersections of autonomous vehicles through the employment of some well-defined rules to be followed by vehicles. To validate our proposal, we have developed different experiments in order to compare our proposal with other centralized approaches. Furthermore, we have incorporated the management of communication faults during the execution in our proposal. This improvement has also been tested in front of centralized or semi-centralized solutions. The introduction of failures in the communication process demonstrates the sensitivity of the system to possible disturbances, providing a satisfactory coordination of vehicles during the intersection. As final result, our proposal is kept with a suitable flow of autonomous vehicles still with a high communication fails rate.1 aGonzález, Cesar, L.1 aZapotecatl, Jorge, L.1 aGershenson, Carlos1 aAlberola, Juan, M.1 aJulian, Vicente  uhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-019-01424-w00623nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245009900055210006900154260001400223300001000237490000700247100003400254700001600288700002300304700001900327700001900346700002300365856004100388       2018                        eng d  a1064-546200aALife and Society: Editorial Introduction to the Artificial Life Conference 2016 Special Issue0 aALife and Society Editorial Introduction to the Artificial Life   bMIT Press  a1–40 v241 aSiqueiros-García, Jesús, M.1 aFroese, Tom1 aGershenson, Carlos1 aAguilar, Wendy1 aSayama, Hiroki1 aIzquierdo, Eduardo  uhttps://doi.org/10.1162/ARTL_e_0025603133nas a2200253   4500008004100000020001400041245005000055210005000105260000600155300001100161490000700172520244900179653001602628653001802644653001402662653001602676653002302692653002202715100002302737700001902760700002602779700002302805856005102828       2017                        eng d  a1476-945X00aComplexity of lakes in a latitudinal gradient0 aComplexity of lakes in a latitudinal gradient  c9  a1–200 v313 aMeasuring complexity is fast becoming a key instrument to compare different ecosystems at various scales in ecology. To date there has been little agreement on how to properly describe complexity in terms of ecology. In this regard, this manuscript assesses the significance of using a set of proposed measures based on information theory. These measures are as follows: emergence, self-organization, complexity, homeostasis and autopoiesis. A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in the data analysis with the aim to apply these proposed measures. This study systematically reviews the data previously collected and generated by a model carried out on four aquatic ecosystems located between the Arctic region and the tropical zone. Thus, this research discusses the case of exploring a high level of self-organization in terms of movement, distribution, and quality of water between the northern temperate zone and the tropics. Moreover, it was assessed the significance of the presence of a complex variable (pH) in the middle of the latitudinal transect. Similarly, this study explores the relationship between self-organization and limiting nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and silicates). Furthermore, the importance of how a biomass subsystem is affected by seasonal variations is highlighted in this manuscript. This case study seeks to examine the changing nature of how seasonality affects the complexity dynamics of photosynthetic taxa (lakes located in northern temperate zone) at high latitudes, and it also investigates how a high level of self-organization at the tropical zone can lead to increase the amount of planktonic and benthic fish which determines the dynamics of complexity. This research also compares the emerging role of how a biomass subsystem has a highest temporal dynamics compared to he limiting nutrients' subsystem. In the same way, the results associated to autopoiesis reflect a moderate degree of autonomy of photosynthetic biomass. It is also discussed the case of how complexity values change in the middle of the latitudinal gradient for all components. Finally, a comparison with Tsallis information was carried out in order to determine that these proposed measures are more suitable due to they are independent of any other parameter. Thus, this approach considers some elements closely related to information theory which determine and better describe ecological dynamics.10aAutopoiesis10aBiocomplexity10aEmergence10aHomeostasis10aInformation theory10aSelf-organization1 aFernández, Nelson1 aAguilar, José1 aPiña-García, C., A.1 aGershenson, Carlos  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2017.02.00200416nas a2200157   4500008004100000245001700041210001700058300001000075100001600085700002100101700001900122700002700141700001900168700002300187856004800210       2016                        eng d00aIntroduction0 aIntroduction  a3–91 aFroese, Tom1 aSiqueiros, Mario1 aAguilar, Wendy1 aIzquierdo, Eduardo, J.1 aSayama, Hiroki1 aGershenson, Carlos  uhttp://turing.iimas.unam.mx/sos/?q=node/17001157nam a2200181   4500008004100000020001800041245005500059210005500114260004000169520055800209100002300767700001600790700002500806700001900831700002700850700001900877856007900896       2016                        eng d  a978026233936000aProceedings of the Artificial Life Conference 20160 aProceedings of the Artificial Life Conference 2016  aCambridge, MA, USAbMIT PresscJuly3 aThe ALife conferences are the major meeting of the artificial life research community since 1987. For its 15th edition in 2016, it was held in Latin America for the first time, in the Mayan Riviera, Mexico, from July 4 -8. The special them of the conference: How can the synthetic study of living systems contribute to societies: scientifically, technically, and culturally? The goal of the conference theme is to better understand societies with the purpose of using this understanding for a more efficient management and development of social systems.1 aGershenson, Carlos1 aFroese, Tom1 aSiqueiros, Jesus, M.1 aAguilar, Wendy1 aIzquierdo, Eduardo, J.1 aSayama, Hiroki  uhttps://mitpress.mit.edu/books/proceedings-artificial-life-conference-201601685nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245006200055210006000117300000900177520113900186653003301325653001501358653001401373653002301387100002201410700002301432856004801455       2015                        eng d  a1936-644200aMeasuring the complexity of adaptive peer-to-peer systems0 aMeasuring the complexity of adaptive peertopeer systems  a1-163 aTo improve the efficiency of peer-to-peer (P2P) systems while adapting to changing environmental conditions, static peer-to-peer protocols can be replaced by adaptive plans. The resulting systems are inherently complex, which makes their development and characterization a challenge for traditional methods. Here we propose the design and analysis of adaptive P2P systems using measures of complexity, emergence, self-organization, and homeostasis based on information theory. These measures allow the evaluation of adaptive P2P systems and thus can be used to guide their design. We evaluate the proposal with a P2P computing system provided with adaptation mechanisms. We show the evolution of the system with static and also changing workload, using different fitness functions. When the adaptive plan forces the system to converge to a predefined performance level, the nodes may result in highly unstable configurations, which correspond to a high variance in time of the measured complexity. Conversely, if the adaptive plan is less ``aggressive'', the system may be more stable, but the optimal performance may not be achieved.10aAdaptive peer-to-peer system10aComplexity10aEvolution10aInformation theory1 aAmoretti, Michele1 aGershenson, Carlos  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12083-015-0385-401436nas a2200205   4500008004100000245006300041210006200104300001600166490000700182520082000189100002201009700001801031700002601049700002301075700002301098700001901121700002701140700002301167856004001190       2014                        eng d00aMeasuring the Complexity of Self-organizing Traffic Lights0 aMeasuring the Complexity of Selforganizing Traffic Lights  a2384–24070 v163 aWe apply measures of complexity, emergence, and self-organization to an urban traffic model for comparing a traditional traffic-light coordination method with a self-organizing method in two scenarios: cyclic boundaries and non-orientable boundaries. We show that the measures are useful to identify and characterize different dynamical phases. It becomes clear that different operation regimes are required for different traffic demands. Thus, not only is traffic a non-stationary problem, requiring controllers to adapt constantly; controllers must also change drastically the complexity of their behavior depending on the demand. Based on our measures and extending Ashby's law of requisite variety, we can say that the self-organizing method achieves an adaptability level comparable to that of a living system.1 aZubillaga, Darío1 aCruz, Geovany1 aAguilar, Luis, Daniel1 aZapotécatl, Jorge1 aFernández, Nelson1 aAguilar, José1 aRosenblueth, David, A.1 aGershenson, Carlos  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e1605238401372nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245005300055210004700108490000600155520086900161100001901030700003401049700001601083700002301099856009201122       2014                        eng d  a2296-914400aThe Past, Present, and Future of Artificial Life0 aPast Present and Future of Artificial Life0 v13 a<p>For millennia people have wondered what makes the living different from the non-living. Beginning in the mid-1980s, artificial life has studied living systems using a synthetic approach: build life in order to understand it better, be it by means of software, hardware, or wetware. This review provides a summary of the advances that led to the development of artificial life, its current research topics, and open problems and opportunities. We classify artificial life research into fourteen themes: origins of life, autonomy, self-organization, adaptation (including evolution, development, and learning), ecology, artificial societies, behavior, computational biology, artificial chemistries, information, living technology, art, and philosophy. Being interdisciplinary, artificial life seems to be losing its boundaries and merging with other fields.</p>
1 aAguilar, Wendy1 aBonfil, Guillermo, Santamarí1 aFroese, Tom1 aGershenson, Carlos  uhttp://www.frontiersin.org/computational_intelligence/10.3389/frobt.2014.00008/abstract01253nas a2200109   4500008004100000245007100041210006900112520088200181100002201063700002301085856003501108       2013                        eng d00aMeasuring the Complexity of Ultra-Large-Scale Evolutionary Systems0 aMeasuring the Complexity of UltraLargeScale Evolutionary Systems3 aUltra-large scale (ULS) systems are becoming pervasive. They are inherently complex, which makes their design and control a challenge for traditional methods. Here we propose the design and analysis of ULS systems using measures of complexity, emergence, self-organization, and homeostasis based on information theory. We evaluate the proposal with a ULS computing system provided with genetic adaptation mechanisms. We show the evolution of the system with stable and also changing workload, using different fitness functions. When the adaptive plan forces the system to converge to a predefined performance level, the nodes may result in highly unstable configurations, that correspond to a high variance in time of the measured complexity. Conversely, if the adaptive plan is less "aggressive", the system may be more stable, but the optimal performance may not be achieved.1 aAmoretti, Michele1 aGershenson, Carlos  uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/1207.665600527nas a2200133   4500008004100000245011300041210007000154260003700224100002300261700001900284700002300303700002000326856004700346       2012                        eng d00aSistemas Dinámicos como Redes Computacionales de Agentes para la evaluación de sus Propiedades Emergentes.0 aSistemas Dinámicos como Redes Computacionales de Agentes para la  aUniversidad Central de Venezuela1 aFernández, Nelson1 aAguilar, José1 aGershenson, Carlos1 aTerán, Oswaldo  uhttp://turing.iimas.unam.mx/sos/?q=node/1500483nas a2200145   4500008004100000245006800041210005900109300001200168490000700180100002300187700002000210700002100230700002100251856006500272       2010                        eng d00aMechanical Love. Phie Ambo. (2009, Icarus Films.) $390, 52 min.0 aMechanical Love Phie Ambo 2009 Icarus Films 390 52 min  a269-2700 v161 aGershenson, Carlos1 aMeza, Iván, V.1 aAvilés, Héctor1 aPineda, Luis, A.  uhttp://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/artl_r_0000401387nam a2200133   4500008004100000245003000041210003000071260003200101520100900133100002301142700002001165700001901185856004901204       2007                        eng d00aPhilosophy and Complexity0 aPhilosophy and Complexity  aSingaporebWorld Scientific3 aScientific, technological, and cultural changes have always had an impact upon philosophy. They can force a change in the way we perceive the world, reveal new kinds of phenomena to be understood, and provide new ways of understanding phenomena. Complexity science, immersed in a culture of information, is having a diverse but particularly significant impact upon philosophy. Previous ideas do not necessarily sit comfortably with the new paradigm, resulting in new ideas or new interpretations of old ideas. In this unprecedented interdisciplinary volume, researchers from different backgrounds join efforts to update thinking upon philosophical questions with developments in the scientific study of complex systems. The contributions focus on a wide range of topics, but share the common goal of increasing our understanding and improving our descriptions of our complex world. This revolutionary debate includes contributions from leading experts, as well as young researchers proposing fresh ideas.1 aGershenson, Carlos1 aAerts, Diederik1 aEdmonds, Bruce  uhttp://www.worldscibooks.com/chaos/6372.html01425nas a2200205   4500008004100000245004100041210003900082260002000121300001400141520087400155100002301029700001901052700002001071700001501091700002001106700001701126700001601143700001601159856004401175       2003                        eng d00aContextual Random {Boolean} Networks0 aContextual Random Boolean Networks  bSpringer-Verlag  a615–6243 aWe propose the use of Deterministic Generalized Asynchronous Random Boolean Networks (Gershenson, 2002) as models of contextual deterministic discrete dynamical systems. We show that changes in the context have drastic effects on the global properties of the same networks, namely the average number of attractors and the average percentage of states in attractors. We introduce the situation where we lack knowledge on the context as a more realistic model for contextual dynamical systems. We notice that this makes the network non-deterministic in a specific way, namely introducing a non-Kolmogorovian quantum-like structure for the modelling of the network (Aerts 1986). In this case, for example, a state of the network has the potentiality (probability) of collapsing into different attractors, depending on the specific form of lack of knowledge on the context.1 aGershenson, Carlos1 aBroekaert, Jan1 aAerts, Diederik1 aBanzhaf, W1 aChristaller, T.1 aDittrich, P.1 aKim, J., T.1 aZiegler, J.  uhttp://uk.arxiv.org/abs/nlin.AO/030302101283nas a2200157   4500008004100000245004800041210004600089260003400135300001000169520082900179100002301008700002101031700001801052700001901070856003601089       2002                        eng d00aClassification of Random {Boolean} Networks0 aClassification of Random Boolean Networks  aCambridge, MA, USAbMIT Press  a1–83 aWe provide the first classification of different types of Random Boolean Networks (RBNs). We study the differences of RBNs depending on the degree of synchronicity and determinism of their updating scheme. For doing so, we first define three new types of RBNs. We note some similarities and differences between different types of RBNs with the aid of a public software laboratory we developed. Particularly, we find that the point attractors are independent of the updating scheme, and that RBNs are more different depending on their determinism or non-determinism rather than depending on their synchronicity or asynchronicity. We also show a way of mapping non-synchronous deterministic RBNs into synchronous RBNs. Our results are important for justifying the use of specific types of RBNs for modelling natural phenomena.1 aGershenson, Carlos1 aStandish, R., K.1 aBedau, M., A.1 aAbbass, H., A.  uhttp://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0208001