TY - JOUR T1 - Ecosystem antifragility: beyond integrity and resilience JF - PeerJ Y1 - 2020 A1 - Equihua, Miguel A1 - Espinosa Aldama, Mariana A1 - Gershenson, Carlos A1 - López-Corona, Oliver A1 - Munguía, Mariana A1 - Pérez-Maqueo, Octavio A1 - Ramírez-Carrillo, Elvia KW - Antifragility KW - Complexity KW - Ecosystem integrity KW - Resilience AB - We review the concept of ecosystem resilience in its relation to ecosystem integrity from an information theory approach. We summarize the literature on the subject identifying three main narratives: ecosystem properties that enable them to be more resilient; ecosystem response to perturbations; and complexity. We also include original ideas with theoretical and quantitative developments with application examples. The main contribution is a new way to rethink resilience, that is mathematically formal and easy to evaluate heuristically in real-world applications: ecosystem antifragility. An ecosystem is antifragile if it benefits from environmental variability. Antifragility therefore goes beyond robustness or resilience because while resilient/robust systems are merely perturbation-resistant, antifragile structures not only withstand stress but also benefit from it. VL - 8 UR - https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8533 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Antimodularity and Multiscale Influence in Random Boolean Networks JF - Complexity Y1 - 2019 A1 - Escobar, Luis A. A1 - Kim, Hyobin A1 - Gershenson, Carlos VL - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8209146 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Modelling Complexity for Policy: Opportunities and Challenges T2 - Handobook on Complexity and Public Policy Y1 - 2015 A1 - Bruce Edmonds A1 - Carlos Gershenson ED - Robert Geyer ED - Paul Cairney JF - Handobook on Complexity and Public Policy PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Past, Present and Future of Cybernetics and Systems Research JF - systema: connecting matter, life, culture and technology Y1 - 2014 A1 - Carlos Gershenson A1 - Peter Csermely A1 - Peter Erdi A1 - Helena Knyazeva A1 - Alexander Laszlo AB - Cybernetics and Systems Research (CSR) were developed in the mid-twentieth century, offering the possibility of describing and comparing different phenomena using the same language. The concepts which originated in CSR have spread to practically all disciplines, many now used within the scientific study of complex systems. CSR has the potential to contribute to the solution of relevant problems, but the path towards this goal is not straightforward. This paper summarizes the ideas presented by the authors during a round table in 2012 on the past, present and future of CSR. VL - 1 UR - http://arxiv.org/abs/1308.6317 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Self-organization Promotes the Evolution of Cooperation with Cultural Propagation T2 - Self-Organizing Systems Y1 - 2014 A1 - Cortés-Berrueco, LuisEnrique A1 - Gershenson, Carlos A1 - Stephens, ChristopherR. ED - Elmenreich, Wilfried ED - Dressler, Falko ED - Loreto, Vittorio AB - In this paper three computational models for the study of the evolution of cooperation under cultural propagation are studied: Kin Selection, Direct Reciprocity and Indirect Reciprocity. Two analyzes are reported, one comparing their behavior between them and a second one identifying the impact that different parameters have in the model dynamics. The results of these analyzes illustrate how game transitions may occur depending of some parameters within the models and also explain how agents adapt to these transitions by individually choosing their attachment to a cooperative attitude. These parameters regulate how cooperation can self-organize under different circumstances. The emergence of the evolution of cooperation as a result of the agent's adapting processes is also discussed. JF - Self-Organizing Systems T3 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science PB - Springer CY - Berlin Heidelberg VL - 8221 SN - 978-3-642-54139-1 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54140-7_13 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Learning, Social Intelligence and the {Turing} Test - why an ``out-of-the-box" {Turing} Machine will not pass the {Turing} Test. T2 - How the world computes : Turing Centenary Conference and 8th Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2012, Cambridge, UK, June 18-23, 2012. Proceedings Y1 - 2012 A1 - Bruce Edmonds A1 - Carlos Gershenson ED - S. Barry Cooper ED - Anuj Dawar ED - Benedikt Löwe AB - The Turing Test (TT) checks for human intelligence, rather than any putative general intelligence. It involves repeated interaction requiring learning in the form of adaption to the human conversation partner. It is a macro-level post-hoc test in contrast to the definition of a Turing Machine (TM), which is a prior micro-level definition. This raises the question of whether learning is just another computational process, i.e. can be implemented as a TM. Here we argue that learning or adaption is fundamentally different from computation, though it does involve processes that can be seen as computations. To illustrate this difference we compare (a) designing a TM and (b) learning a TM, defining them for the purpose of the argument. We show that there is a well-defined sequence of problems which are not effectively designable but are learnable, in the form of the bounded halting problem. Some characteristics of human intelligence are reviewed including it's: interactive nature, learning abilities, imitative tendencies, linguistic ability and context-dependency. A story that explains some of these is the Social Intelligence Hypothesis. If this is broadly correct, this points to the necessity of a considerable period of acculturation (social learning in context) if an artificial intelligence is to pass the TT. Whilst it is always possible to 'compile' the results of learning into a TM, this would not be a designed TM and would not be able to continually adapt (pass future TTs). We conclude three things, namely that: a purely "designed" TM will never pass the TT; that there is no such thing as a general intelligence since it necessary involves learning; and that learning/adaption and computation should be clearly distinguished. JF - How the world computes : Turing Centenary Conference and 8th Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2012, Cambridge, UK, June 18-23, 2012. Proceedings T3 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science PB - Springer-Verlag CY - Berlin Heidelberg VL - 7318/2012 UR - http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.3376 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Philosophy and Complexity T2 - Worldviews, Science and Us Y1 - 2007 ED - Carlos Gershenson ED - Diederik Aerts ED - Bruce Edmonds AB - Scientific, technological, and cultural changes have always had an impact upon philosophy. They can force a change in the way we perceive the world, reveal new kinds of phenomena to be understood, and provide new ways of understanding phenomena. Complexity science, immersed in a culture of information, is having a diverse but particularly significant impact upon philosophy. Previous ideas do not necessarily sit comfortably with the new paradigm, resulting in new ideas or new interpretations of old ideas. In this unprecedented interdisciplinary volume, researchers from different backgrounds join efforts to update thinking upon philosophical questions with developments in the scientific study of complex systems. The contributions focus on a wide range of topics, but share the common goal of increasing our understanding and improving our descriptions of our complex world. This revolutionary debate includes contributions from leading experts, as well as young researchers proposing fresh ideas. JF - Worldviews, Science and Us PB - World Scientific CY - Singapore UR - http://www.worldscibooks.com/chaos/6372.html ER -