%0 Book Section %B The 2018 Conference on Artificial Life: A Hybrid of the European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL) and the International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (ALIFE) %D 2018 %T Self-Organization and Artificial Life: A Review %A Gershenson, Carlos %A Trianni, Vito %A Werfel, Justin %A Sayama, Hiroki %E Takashi Ikegami %E Nathaniel Virgo %E Olaf Witkowski %E Mizuki Oka %E Reiji Suzuki %E Hiroyuki Iizuka %X Self-organization has been an important concept within a number of disciplines, which Artificial Life (ALife) also has heavily utilized since its inception. The term and its implications, however, are often confusing or misinterpreted. In this work, we provide a mini-review of self-organization and its relationship with ALife, aiming at initiating discussions on this important topic with the interested audience. We first articulate some fundamental aspects of self-organization, outline its usage, and review its applications to ALife within its soft, hard, and wet domains. We also provide perspectives for further research. %B The 2018 Conference on Artificial Life: A Hybrid of the European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL) and the International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (ALIFE) %I MIT Press %C Tokyo, Japan %P 510–517 %G eng %U https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/isal_a_00094 %R 10.1162/isal_a_00094 %0 Book Section %B Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age: An Overview with Implications to Urban Planning and Design %D 2012 %T Self-organizing urban transportation systems %A Carlos Gershenson %E Juval Portugali %E Han Meyer %E Egbert Stolk %E Ekim Tan %X Urban transportation is a complex phenomenon. Since many agents are constantly interacting in parallel, it is difficult to predict the future state of a transportation system. Because of this, optimization techniques tend to give obsolete solutions, as the problem changes before it can be optimized. An alternative lies in seeking adaptive solutions. This adaptation can be achieved with self-organization. In a self-organizing transportation system, the elements of the system follow local rules to achieve a global solution. Like this, when the problem changes the system can adapt by itself to the new configuration. In this chapter, I will review recent, current, and future work on self-organizing transportation systems. Self-organizing traffic lights have proven to improve traffic flow considerably over traditional methods. In public transportation systems, simple rules are being explored to prevent the "equal headway instability" phenomenon. The methods we have used can be also applied to other urban transportation systems and their generality is discussed. %B Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age: An Overview with Implications to Urban Planning and Design %I Springer %C Berlin Heidelberg %P 269-279 %G eng %U http://arxiv.org/abs/0912.1588 %R 10.1007/978-3-642-24544-2_15 %0 Conference Paper %B II Simposio Cient{\'ıfico y Tecnológico en Computación SCTC 2012 %D 2012 %T Sistemas Dinámicos como Redes Computacionales de Agentes para la evaluación de sus Propiedades Emergentes. %A Nelson Fernández %A José Aguilar %A Carlos Gershenson %A Oswaldo Terán %B II Simposio Cient{\'ıfico y Tecnológico en Computación SCTC 2012 %C Universidad Central de Venezuela %G eng